ECONOMIC 7An)Hn:\' — kxtomolocv, 651 



investigate its cause. At tirst {hvvv ai»|)earc(l to i»c no rclatidu l)etweeii tiie 2 

 diseases, as no riionia was found in dead material. In a sul>sefiueiit and more 

 careful study, however, the presence of a fun^^us was indicated, although in tin; 

 last instance the disease differed quite markedly from tlie previous attack. 



In the present outbreak the funj^us seems to attack the young twigs, causing 

 tlieir destruction within a relatively short time, and the injury to the tree is 

 much more serious than that formerly observed. .V nuniber of causes are men- 

 tionetl as probably contributing to the unusual severity of the fungus attack, 

 among tliem the previiiliiig high winds, the severe winter of l!»(K)-7 followed i)y 

 a i)rolonged drought in tlie sunnner, rocky soil, etc., all of which weakened the 

 trees and made them more liable to attack. 



The leaf cast of white pine, K. von Tubkuf ( Xatunr. Ztschr. Foist u. Landw., 

 U U'JOS), Xo. 6. pp. 3.11-330, figs. 3; ahs. in Dot. CcntbL, lOH {11)08), No. J.',,-p. 

 365). — A description is given of a disease of white pine, due to the fungus 

 Hypodcrma hrachpsponim, which causes a falling of the leaves. In addition 

 to white pine, it also occurs on Pinus cxcclsa. 



A note on the mildew of oaks, Griffon and Maublanc {Vompt. Rend. Acad. 

 Sci. [rari-s], ] ',1 iUlOS). \(,. s, pp. '/.}?- J.W). —I hiring the sunnner of 1!)0S the 

 oaks in many parts of France are said to have been severely attacked by a white 

 mold of which only tlie Oidium phase is known. All the species of deciduous 

 oaks seemed to be subject to this fungus, a few l)eing particularly injured. It 

 has been impossible to definitely determine the species, but a species (Micro- 

 sphccra alni) occurring on the alder has been considered as possibly attacking 

 the oak. Observations, however, showed that while beech trees seem to be sul»- 

 ject to the same mildew as the oaks, the alders have escaped even when grow- 

 ing in close jn-oximity to diseased oalc trees. It is thougiit that if the species is 

 the same as that occurring on the alder, possibly it is a specialized .form which 

 now occurs only upon the oak. 



On account of the difficulty of treating oak trees, no practical means are 

 known for combating the fungus. 



Mildew of oaks, Boudier (Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. [Paris], i.'/7 (1008), Xo. 

 IK pp. .'i61, .'i62). — Attention is called to the abundant occurrence during the iiast 

 season of a mildew of oaks in many localities of France. While the fruiting 

 form of the mature fungus has not yet been found, attention is called to the fact 

 that a mildew (Erysiplw (jucrcus) was found on leaves in the vicinity of Paris 

 and described some (50 years ago. The author thinks that perhaps this species 

 may ))e the one under consi<leration. 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY— ENTOMOLOGY. 



Report on economic zoology for the year ending April 1, 1907, F. V. 

 TnKoiJAi.u (Jour. SoKtIiciist. Ayr. Col. Wpc, 11)07, Xo. 16, pp. 29-180, pis. 2!), 

 figs. 20). — An extensive report with biological and economic notes is given 

 of the principal animal pests of the year. These are arranged under the fol- 

 lowing headings: .\nimals injurious to man's domesticated animals, fruit 

 trees and Inishes, vines, fruit, corn crops, root croi)s, pulse, hoi)s, vegetables, 

 flowers, forest trees, man's stores; those causing annoyance to man; and gen- 

 eral notes. Among the iirincipal attacks were tliost' of a new gooseberry 

 cecldomyia, leaf lioppers, a black cui-rani mite, eehvorms, pigmy m.-mgold l)eetl(>. 

 and tlic turnip gall weevil. 



The faunal aflSnities of the prairie region of Central North America, A. (J. 

 KUTiivKN {Anter. Nat., .'i2 HU08), Xo. '/.'AS, pp. ,isS-.i!)3. ,niii> /).— This subject 

 Is briefly considered, references to the literatun> being given. 



