ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 655 



The fruit fly parasite, L. J. Newman (Jour. Dcpt. Agi: West. Aust., 17 

 (I'JOS), \ii. I, int. .jiil-'>63, pis. 2). — An uiuleterminod chaleld parasitic upon 

 Ccratitis citpUnta was introdui'ed from India by Conijiero in Deecuiber. inOT. 

 Dnrinj: transportation pniia* containinj; the hibernating: parasites were Icept on 

 ice for GO days. The chalcid. wiiich is aitont h in. in length, attaclcs t.lie 

 niagf-'ots from any (piarter, depositing eggs in the body of the host. Tlie average 

 number of parasites i)er Hy larva is 15, though as many as :5() have been found. 

 A succession of parasites lias been kei)t going, and LjO colonies of not less than 

 r>(K) parasites have been liberated, but the results can not be determinetl until 

 another summer. Life history notes and methods of breeding the parasites are 

 given. 



The San Jose scale in Arkansas. ('. I'. Adams {Arkansas i<ta. But. 102, 

 PI). 22l-.!.iit. Ii(i!<. 12). — This inst'ct is said to be rajtidly beconnng the most in- 

 jurious insect of the orchard in Arkansas. The author here considers the life 

 history of the pest, the nature of its injury, and remedies. 



Report of the viticultural station and phylloxera service on the work 

 during 1907 (Phyllojcra. Rap. Stat. Vit. ct Scrr. Phyllor. [Canton dc Vattd], 

 1H07, pp. 60). — A detailed account is given of experiments made with insecticides 

 in freeing the vines from phylloxera, of the laws and regnlations concerning 

 the pest, and of newly discovered infestations. 



The European elm scale (Gossyparia spuria), S. B. Doten (Xcrada Sta. 

 Bill. a.'). PI). ')^i'i. pJs. I'l).- — This pest which has been injuriously abundant in 

 Carson City for some years h.is more recently appeared in Reno, where many of 

 the residence streets are lined with young elms, killing a large number and 

 greatly injuring hundreds of others. Numerous photographic illustrations and 

 drawings accompany the account of its life history and habits. 



Experiments were conducted in which lime-sulphur wash, kerosene ennilsion, 

 and .scalecide were used. In every instance where lime sulphur was used the 

 author infers that many hibernating larv;e escaped. He considers it best to 

 wash away all visible clusters of dead females from the bark before siiraying 

 with this insecticide, in order to destroy the concealed winter larvse, and suggests 

 that after spraying, in order to destroy the living female scales which escape the 

 action of the insecticide, the trees be washed late in May or early in June with 

 a stream of water under high pressure. Kerosene emulsion containing at least 

 one-sixth kerosene, which is considered as too strong to use even on dormant 

 elms, was required in order to kill the hibernating larva\ It is inferred that 

 scalecide can be used at a strength as low .-is 1 : 1.") if the api)]ii*ation wets the 

 hibernating larvie comi»letely. 



The author states that he has washed the winter larvje out of cracks and 

 crevit-es with a strong stream from a garden hose at a distance of 10 ft. from 

 the nozzle. He further states that where such a stream is thoroughly applied, 

 once in A|tril just before the leaves begin to show and once in June before the 

 young scale insit-ts ai)i»eai', that the trees will be comi)aratively clean the follow- 

 ing winter. .\s too close growing and jxiorly pruned trees furnish favorable 

 conditions for the development of this scale, the axe, grubbing hoe, and pruning 

 saw should lirst be used, followed by llie garden hose and, where necess.iry, the 

 spray pump as a last resort. 



Observations on the genus Contarinia, R P. FixT (Jour. Evon. Ent., I 

 ( IHil.S), Xit. .i, pp. 22-')-227 ) .—'Vho author considers brietiy the species belonging 

 to the cecidomyid genus Contarinia and the nature of their injury. 



Notes on the preparatory stages of some species of Canadian lepidoptera, 

 .1. FiKTcnKK and A. (Jiiison i I'nn-. and 'I'rans. Roij. Six: Canada, .i. .scr., 1 

 (ID07\, Si<: /r, pp. 57-70). — l>es( liiilions and biological notes are given on the 



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