VETERINARY MEDICINE. 681 



found to complicate horse-sickness inoculations in mules to the extent of 0.8 pei* 

 cent and to be responsible for 14.3 per cent due to hyi)erinnnunization. That the 

 disi-ase is inoculable with immune blood is said to have been demonstrated dur- 

 ing; the previous year. Inoculations of mules with immune blood is considered 

 as having i)roved a complete success. As some of the donkeys inoculated 

 suffereil somewhat severely, it is recommended that inoculations of imported 

 animals be made only under the most favorable conditions. While inoculations 

 of susceptible horses with immune donkey blood proved a failure there is said 

 to be better prospect of utilizing the blood of immune mules. The disease has 

 been experimentally determined to be transmitted by Rhipiccphalus cvcrtsl and 

 not by R. dccoloratus. lliis tick takes the infection in the larval and nymphal 

 stajies and transmits it durinj; the adult statcc. 



The author coiitirm.s the work of Dorset, Bolton, and McBryde of this Depart- 

 ment in finding hop cholera to be caused by an ultravisible virus thiit can be 

 inoculated with blood. The author's observations seem to support the view 

 that hog cholera is the disease and swine plague the complication. 



Details are given of the routine work, and a tabulated record of the results 

 of examinations of pathological specimens and blood smears received is appended. 



Additional investig'ations of bovine and human viruses, L. Cobbktt and 

 A. S. and I'\ (iiai-irrn { h'oii. Com. Tulxrciilosi.s, HcvoihI Interim Rpt., 3 {1907), 

 pt. 2, App., pp. V-\-.Hit, plx. 3, cliurt.'i Hi). — This volume contains results of experi- 

 ments conducted in addition to those previously noted (E. S. R., 20, pj). 184, IS.")), 

 with the object of throwing light on collateral questions. Among those reported 

 are the following: Cultural characters of the bovine tubercle bacillus; changes 

 in reaction produced in broth by human and bovine tubercle bacilli ; modifica- 

 tion experiments with tubercle bacilli of bovine origin ; minute nonprogressive 

 tuliercles found in calves injected with tubercle bacilli of human origin, which 

 are unable to provoke a progressive infection in this species of animal: the 

 distrihutioii of nonvirulent tubercle bacilli of human origin in the body of the 

 talf after subcutaneous injection; and dissemination of tubercle bacilli in 

 different sjiecies of animals after subcutaneous inoculation. 



The tuberculosis, problem, A. K. Ward and C. M. Haring (CaUfornia Sta. 

 Bui. I'M, pp. 221-23.'i, Jigs. 2). — During the past 4 years the station has made 

 tuberculin tests of dairy cows in the various counties of the San Francisco Ray 

 region and in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys, " In all 1,97G tests 

 have been made, of whicli 4.'»o (22.9 per cent) showed reactions. Only 4 herds, 

 llie largest consisting of 39 cows, were free from tuberculosis. A much smaller 

 proportion of isolated cows were affected than those in herds. Of 71 animals, 

 isolated, or in groups of 5 or less, only 6 (8 per cent) reacted. A more 

 jjccurate statement of the prevalence of tuberculosis, as shown bj' our experi- 

 ence, would be one compiled from results of the tests of whole hex'ds the first 

 time that they had been tested. In this case the figures show 1,022 animals 

 tested, with 32G condenmed (31.9 per cent). Tuberculosis was found in 82 

 per cent of the herds tested." 



A general account is given of the disea.sp and of the methods by which it may 

 be controlled. The tuberculin testing outfit is described and directions given for 

 making the test. It is stated that under conditions to be personally arranged 

 between the inquiring dairymen and the veterinarians the station will undertake 

 to supply free tuberculin and give direct assistance in interpreting the tempera- 

 ture records. The authors also consider the prevention of entrance of the dis- 

 ease and methods i)y which :in infected herd can be changed to a hcillhy one. 



Infection through resorption of tubercle bacilli in the gastrointestinal 

 canal, E. Ouluwauiu and Liuia IvAUi.Nowixacn {.Btrliii. Klin. Wclinticlir., .'i5 



