684 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



to the phosphoric acid is too low. He considers the disease probably caused 

 by some organij--m which finds such a condition of the animal favorable for 

 its development. 



A note on the occurrence in America of chronic bacterial dysentery of 

 cattle, L. Tkarson {Aincr. Vet. Rev., 32 (1908), Mo. 5, i)p. 602-605).— An account 

 is given of the occurrence in Pennsylvania of this disease, which is said to have 

 been reported fi'om Europe by Bang under the name of chronic pseudotubercu- 

 lous enteritis (E. S. R., IS, p. 777), and by M'Fadyean as Johne's disease 

 (E. S. R., 19, p. 183). 



Texas fever, M. Francis {Texas Stn. Bui. Ill, pp. 3-13, charts 3, map 1). — 

 Directions are given for the inoculation of animals and accompanied by charts 

 that show the different types of inoculation fever. From some 5.000 animals 

 inoculated at the Texas Station it is estimated that 3 per cent were lost from 

 inoculation fever and 5 per cent more from fever and casualties during the fol- 

 lowing year. 



In view of the fact that horses are not susceptible to the disease, experiments 

 were made to determine if horse serum could not be used to control Texas fever. 

 Follpwing inoculations with 1 cc. of virulent blood, 5 susceptible yearling 

 steers were daily injected subcutaneously with horse serum in doses varying 

 from 100 cc. in steer No. 1 to 1,000 cc. in steers Nos. 4 and 5. Fever records 

 show that no benefit resulted. To test the hemolytic effect that the serum 

 might have, a Texas cow was injected with 1.000 cc. of horse serum on 3 con- 

 secutive days but without producing any apparent sickness. Experiments were 

 also made to determine the possible curative effect that quinin might have. 

 Doses of 2, 4, and 8 dr. were given animals daily during the fever periods 

 but without apparent benefit. Two animals were injected subcutaneously each 

 day for 11 days with bimuriate of quinin with urea, one receiving do.ses of 5 

 gm., the other of 10 gm. This was commenced on the third day following the 

 inoculation of 1 cc. of virulent blood. No beneficial effects were obtained while 

 in both animals symptoms resembling tetanus developed, the cramps and rigidity 

 becoming so intense that both died. When quinin was injected intravenously it 

 apparently paralyzed the cardiac muscles and the author considers the drug 

 too dangerous to give in this way. 



Swamp fever, G. A. Charlton {Ann. Rpt. Dept. Agr. Prov. Saskatchewan, 

 1906, pp. lJf6-152). — For many years a very fatal disease of horses has been 

 observed at various points in the Canadian west. Though most commonly 

 called swamp fever it has been known as pernicious anemia, typhoid fever, 

 malaria, influenza, mud fever, etc. The term swamp fever owes its origin to 

 a belief that the sickness is caused by the eating of hay cut from the sloughs 

 or by the drinking of slough water. The evidence obtained fails to indicate 

 that the use of such hay or water has any direct influence in causing the disease. 

 From analogy with other diseases known to be transmissible by insects it seems 

 very probable that this disease is carried by some bloodsucking insect. The 

 localities in which the disease occurs are usually low lying districts in which 

 sloughs are found and which are most favorable to the development of certain 

 insects. 



The season of the year during which the disease is most prevalent extends 

 from July to December. Among the striking points that are observed in the 

 study of cases is the advancement that the disease has made in many instances 

 before objective symptoms are noted. The anemia, which is one of the most 

 notable features of the disease, is frequently so marked and progressive as to 

 justify the designation pernicious. 



On two farms reported the mortality amounted to nearly 80 per cent of the 

 horses affected. A proportion of the animals that apparently recover are 



