ECONOMIC ZOOI,()(;V ENTOMOLOGY. 765 



fiiuTKi*. The larval sfafro •■Duslstliif: of tlirci' iiistars may 1«' i)assed in r> days. 

 Tlic pi-ocess of pii|)atii)n may he c-ompl<'ti'(l in (! horns ami the impal stage 

 passed in '.\ or 4 days, althouuli it is usually 4 or ."> days. 



The shortest period in whieii developmeid took place was s days, when larvje 

 were incuhated at a constant temperature of .'{">" ('. Flies iiecome se.Kually 

 mature in Id or 14 days after emerfience and commence oviposltiou as soon as 

 4 (lays later. A hihiio'rraphical list is Klven. 



Observations on the bionomics of fleas with special reference to Pulex 

 cheopis {-hnir. llyii. ICdiiibridffc]. S (1908), No. 2, pp. .i.i(i-2')9). — The life his- 

 lury, hahits, disi)er.sal. and collection and exanunation of tieas are here cou- 

 sideriHl. Longevity and other exjieriments are rejtorted. 



The part played by insects in the epidemiology of plague, 1). T. Ver.tiutski 

 {■hiiir. III/;/. \<'(Uiibii(l()(\. S (HXIS). Xo. 2, i>p. l(>.i~2l)S). — Experiments were 

 made l>y the author at Cronstadt and St. I'etei'shurf: with tieas and huj^s with a 

 view of deternnning the connection between human plague epidenncs and 

 plague epidenncs among rats. Infected fleas were found to communicate plague 

 to healthy animals for 'i days and bugs (Ciinrx IcctuUiriiis) for fi days after iii- 

 fe<'tion. The rat flea of Ilussia {'riiphlopsulla wufsriili) does not bite ninn. but 

 the fleas infesting man do bite rats and the fleas found on dogs and cats 

 bite both Inunan beings and rats. Fleas infesting man and fleas found on cats 

 anil ilogs can live on rats as casual i»arasites and therefore can, under certain 

 conditions, iilay a jtart in the transnussion of plague from rats to human beings 

 and vice versa. 



Insect transmission of bubonic plague: A study of the San Francisco 

 epidemic, .M. I'.. Mitzm.vin (Hnt. Neiri^, 19 (lOOS), Vo. ,s'. pp. ,?.>.f-.?;).0 ) .— An 

 account is given of the fleas obtained in the exanunation of l.SOO rats. These 

 exannnations were made in an attempt to locate the source of the rat and flea 

 introduction into the infi-cted regions of California. 



Preservation of the plague bacillus in the body of the bedbug, V. .Tordax- 

 SKY and X. Ki.ad.nitskv (.l/)/(. Iiixt. I'a.sfciir, .i.i (IHOS), Xo. '>, pp. '/.ll-'iliJ).— 

 The work of other investigators is briefly reviewed, and experiments with rat.s 

 are reiiorte<l. The authors And that the itlague bacillus is i>reserve<l in virulent 

 form in lu'dbugs f(n- 10 days or longer, and conclude that in certain cases at 

 least this inse<-t may be an active agent in the transmission of the disease. 



Report on the anatomy of the tsetse fly (Glossina palpalis), K. A. M inch in 

 (/.'/(/. x. Slrcpiiiii S'nlous.s Com. Hop. .S'oc., I'.)07, Xo. S, pp. I()(>-I22, JigK. 6). — 

 .\ description accompanied by drawings of the general anaton.y of (lloxsiiia 

 piilpiilis es|K'cially of its dig«'stive tract. This is of imi'ortance in the study of 

 the evolution of tryi)anosomes within the body of their arthropod hosts. 



The reproduction and variations in the development of Glossina palpalis. 

 K. HoiitAii) {('iniipl. h'onl. Ardil. Sci. \l'(irix], t.',6 { UWS) , No. 7, pp. .i(i2 M.'t : 

 <ihs. in Hill. /nxt. I'dsli iir, li ( I'.IOS), Xo. 10. p. //.SO). — The author has made life 

 history studies of ii. i)tilpalis, the results of which are here report«Hl. 



Glossina palpalis in its relation to Trypanosoma gambiense and other 

 trypanosomes, lO. A. .Minciiin, A. ('. II. (Jkav and F. M. (J. Titmoch (/{pis. 

 shrpiiiff SitLioxs Com. Hop. i<oi\, IH07, Xo. S, pp. I22~l.i(!, pis. 2. fipx. II. miip 

 / ). -Fx|x'riments macb' to determine the exact mod*' of infiH-tion, i)articularly 

 as to whether the lly becomes infe<-tious at any deliidle period after having Ikmmi 

 fed on an infected animal, gave negative residts, altlKnigh positive pn>of was 

 o|)taini>d that (I. palpiilix can i-onvey trypanosomes by means of its proboscis 

 from an inftM-ttHl to a h«>althy animal if it giM's straight from one to the other. 

 Infection was thus transmitttHl in I out of ."» ex|»erimeiits when <!. palpalis 

 Wiis \im>t\ as the transmitting agent and once out of 4 exiieriments when a 

 Stomoxys was used. It is shown thai the infecliou Is eunveycd by the con- 



