766 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



taniinatiou of the proboscis aud that if the fly be allowed to clean its proboscis 

 by piercing the skiu of one animal, it is no longer infectious to a second. * 



Experiments seem to show that tlie nimiber of fly-bites required to produce 

 infection is a very variable one, more than 1,000 flies having fed on a sus- 

 ceptible animal without infecting it. The smallest number of G. palpalis with 

 which sleeping sickness was produced by the authors was 1.34. 



"At 48 hours after feeding, the trypanosomes (T. gamhicnse) are still numer- 

 ous in the intestine of the fly, and a type of more indifferent character begins 

 to make its appearance. At 72 hours the trypanosomes are usually beginning 

 to become more scanty and difficult to find iu the digestive tract of the fly, 

 although in some cases they are still numerous and chiefly of the indifferent 

 type. At 96 hours, in almost every case, not a single trypanosome could be 

 found even after the most careful searching." So far as conclusions could be 

 drawn from the observation it appears that T. gainhk'nxe becomes extinct in 

 the tsetse fly after the third day. 



Two species of trypanosomes ( T. f/rayi and T. tuUochii) were found in freshly 

 caught tsetse flies, the former iu 1.47 per cent and the latter in 0.17 per cent 

 of 3,000 flies examined. These 2 species were found to have nothing to do with 

 sleeping sickness and are not developmental stages of T. gamhienHC. 



Report on experim.ents to ascertain the ability of tsetse flies to convey 

 Trypanosoma gambiense, 1'. H. Koss {Rpts. t>lccpiiig thickness Com. Roy. »S'of., 

 J!)07, No. 8, pp. 80-So). — From experiments conducteil with Glosslna fusca and 

 G. iKiUldiiK's, the author concludes that the former does not convey any species 

 of trypanosoma, but that the latter evidently can. Having the work of 

 Schaudinu in mind, the author searched but did not find an intracorpuscular 

 stage of trypanosoma. (/. paUklipcs is said to attack as soon as one gets 

 among them, while G. fusca shows no inclination to bite men. G. longipennis 

 does not appear to bite during the day, but after 4 p. m. one is immediately 

 bitten upon approach. 



Descriptions and records of bees, T. D. A. Cockerell (Ann. and Mag. Xat. 

 Hist., 8. sir., 1 {1908), To.s. 3, pp. 2-J9-267; 4, pp. 3S7-3Jf.'i).—In the first article, 

 in addition to descriptions of exotic species, 1 genus and 3 species from this 

 country are described as new. In the second article 11 species from this country 

 belonging to the genus Megachile are described as new. 



Winter ventilation of hives, C 1*. Dadant {Amcr. Bee Jour., .'/8 (1908), 

 No. 11, pp. 333, 33Ji). — The author finds moisture absorbents over the cluster 

 to be better than upper ventilation aud that a slight amount of upper ven- 

 tilation is better than a tight ceiling impervious to moisture. Entrance ven- 

 tilation in a moderate degree is considered necessary. 



[A digest and discussion of papers on bee keeping] ( Texas Dept. Agr. Bui. 3, 

 pp. 119-135). — A report and discussion of i)apers presented at the annual meet- 

 ing of the Texas Bee Keepers' Association in which a number of subjects 

 relating to apiculture, including varieties of bees, forms of hiv^es, location 

 and management of colonies, storing and marketing of honey, effect of i>ure 

 food law, prices, etc., are presented and discussed. 



Report of the State inspector of apiaries, M. E. Darby {Ann. Rpt. Mo. Bd. 

 Agr., J4O {1907), pp. 59-66, figs. 2).— Out of 215 apiaries and 3,028 colonies 

 inspected during 1907, 82 apiaries and 297 colonies were found infected with 

 foul brood. 



The Argentine ant, a possible pest of the apiary, R. Benton (Gleanings 

 Bee Cult., 3(! (1908), Ao. 23, pp. l.'t32-lJt3.'i) . — The author records observations 

 on the Argentine ant made in the vicinity of a colony of bees in California. 

 He believes that the ants become sufficiently troublesome to interfere seriously 

 witli the field work of the bees aud so prove themselves the cause of almost 



