VKTKHIXAHV MKDU'INE. 789 



The spirochetes and their relationship to other organisms, II. I'>. Wakh 

 {Amer. Xat., hi (1008), Xo. ^08, pp. 3T.'i-387). — A general account of spiroche- 

 tes and their relation to other spiral micro-organisms is here given. Fifteen 

 sjie'-ies are re<\>gni7.«*d as belonging to the genus Spiriulia'ta. 



The life history of Trypanosoma equiperdum, J. E. S. Moore and A. Breini. 

 {I'm,: Jx'oi/. Six: [LdihIoiiI, S, r. li SO {HXIS). .Vo. « o'lO, pp- 288-2f>8, pis. 2. figs. 

 2, (hjiu. V). — When Trijp<inoso)n(i ((juipcrdum is injected into rats the parasites 

 niultii>ly and kill the animal about 4 daj-s after their tirst appearance in the 

 blood, which occurs about 3 days after inoculation. A large number of slides 

 were prepared at short intervals from the appearance of the trypanosomes up 

 to death and for a short time afterwards. The results of prolonged investiga- 

 tions indicate that the transference takes place by means of the ordinary 

 trypanosome encountered in the blood, possibly through the existence of slight 

 abrasions on the animals that become infected, or more probably through the 

 capacity of the trypanosomes to invade a nmcous membrane even if it is intact. 



The authors conclude that "during the infection of rats with dourine, that is 

 to siiy, with a form of trypanosome which under normal cii'cumstauces is not 

 relatetl to two distinct hosts, there exists a life cycle among the parasites 

 closely analogous to tJiat occurring during the successive positive and negative 

 periods of infection of the same animals with T. gamhicnsc. 



" The iiarasites, after introduction into a rat, uiulti[)ly by longitudinal fission, 

 accompanied by amitotic division of the nucleus. After this process an inter- 

 action takes place between the extra-nuclear centrosome and the nucleus (sex- 

 ual stage'r). Division again proceeds, and tinally the tryjianosomes are con- 

 vertetl into round bodies, which correspond to the latent bodies of 7'. (unnhicnse, 

 but possess two long and delicate fiagella." 



The fixation, m.ultiplication, and culture of pathogenic trypanosomes in 

 the proboscis of tsetse flies, K. Koubaud (Compt. Rend. Acud. Sci. [Paris], 

 I 'fG ( 1008), No. 8, pp. J/23-.'i25). — Experiments were conducted in which Glossina 

 piilpnlix was fed ujion animals infected with Tii/pdiio.stinta t/innbicnsc, T. dinior- 

 phon, T. bnicci, and T. cinulboui. It was found that immediately after this fly 

 had fed uiton the blood of an infected animal its proboscis contained blond in 

 which tryi»anosomes were moving actively. In a short time the trypanosomes 

 attached them.selves to the wall of the proboscis and underwent changes of 

 structure that were completed in about 5 minutes after ingestion of the blood. 

 While conjugation was not observed the parasites multiplied actively. It is 

 shown that the forms in the proboscis are not derived from trypanosomes 

 legngitated from the digestive tract of the fly. The culture in the proboscis per- 

 sisted fur 4.S hours in. T. brucci and for ."> or (! days in the otlier ."J species. Only 

 about 10 p<'r c<Mit, however, f)f the flies that fed on infected animals develoi)ed a 

 culture of the trypanosomes in the proboscis. 



Histological observations on sleeping sickness and other ti-ypanosome 

 infections, F, W. Mott (Iipt.<<. Slrcping Sifknes,s Coin. Roy. Soc. li)0(i. No. 7, pp. 

 '/•*, pis. II). — In addition to cases of Trypaiiosoina gtimbicnsc infection, the 

 brains of 2 oxen with Jlnga tryj»anosome and of a rabbit infected with surra 

 were studied, the results of which are here given. A bibliographical list is 

 appended. 



Atoxyl and trypanosomiasis, U. Hoyck and A. Hreinl (Ann. Trop. Med. and 

 I'nr.. 2 ( mos), \ii. I, /III. I .{2). — 'i'he use of arsenic and its coini)ounds, and the 

 results (»(' treatment willi these and allied drugs is liei'e reviewed. 



Literary references — Trypanosomiasis and sleeping sickness (./our. Trop^ 

 Mid. and II mi. \ London \. II ( l!>08), Nos. it, pp. I ',(i, / }7 ; 10. p. Ui2 ; II. pp. IHK 

 ISO: I !. p. I'.ui), — These references Include literature Issued during the year HH)7. 



