ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 857 



Chrysomelid enemies of the osier and experiments with liquid insecticides, 

 J. Feytaud (Rev. Vit., 30 (1908), Nos. 771, pp. 3U-3^tS; 772, pp. 37-',~378; 773, 

 pp. .'f0.i-Jf09). — The 2 species of willow largely grown in the department of 

 Giroude (Salix fragilis and S. viminalis) are attacked by a number of leaf- 

 oating beetles. Tliese i)ests are said to reduce enormously at times tlie quantity 

 and (piality of this important crop. Species belonging to the genera Una, 

 l'hra"ora, l*h(Pdon, IMagiodera, etc., are the most injurious, particularly the 

 spec u's Lina papiili, L. trcniiiUv, and Phratora vulf/atissima. Many of the adult 

 beetles, particularly of L. populi. are easily destroyed l»y burning litter, etc., in 

 the vicinity of the osieries, into which they crawl to hibernate. Hand picking 

 is said to be practiced to some extent, but experiments conducted appear to 

 show that tobacco decoction mixed with soap is the most effective means of 

 control. L. popiili is said to be attacked by a tachinid fly (Exorista dubin), 

 which deposits its eggs upon the larvte. A tachinid is also reported to attack 

 /'. riilf/(tfissii)i(i, a parasitism of .30 per cent having been recorded. 



A brief account of the anatomy and classification of the Ixodoidea w^ith 

 special reference to the French fauna. A. Bonnkt (Ai-cli. Par., 12 (1908), Ao. 2, 

 Itp. 22Ji-267, flffs. .'/.'/). — The anatomy, biology, and classification of ticks are 

 briefly considered. A table is given for the separation of the genera and species 

 occurring in France, together with brief descriptions of each, and a biblio- 

 graphical list. 



A list of the ticks of South Africa, with descriptions and keys to all the 

 forms known, C. W. Howard (Ann. Transvaal Mas., J (1908), No. 2, pp. 73- 

 li!9, pin. 70'). — An account of the ticks occurring in South Africa, their hosts 

 and distribution, with descriptions and tables for their classification. A biblio- 

 graphical list is given. 



A new genus of the Siphonaptera, C. Fox (Ent. Neics, 19 (1908), Xn. 10, 

 pp. .'i.j2-.'i55, flg. 1). — A species of flea taken from Scapanus caUfornicus in San 

 Francisco is described as. belonging to a new genus and species and named 

 ConjpsyUn t>rnatiis. 



Some Irish experiments on warble flies, (i. H. Carpenter ( Irish Nat., 17 

 (1908), Xo. 11, p. 2-'i5). — Life history studies and investigations of the efficacy 

 of commonly accepted means for checking the attacks of warble flies have been 

 carried on during the past 4 years. Experiments have shown that the applica- 

 tion of dressings such as carbolic dip, oil and tar smeai', and paraffin emulsion 

 are of but little value in preventing egg deposition on the animal. 



In the spring of 1907 on one farm the maggots were systematically squeezed 

 out and destroyed, 2.ono thus being obtained from 104 head of cattle or an 

 average of over 10 per head. The effect was strikingly shown in the spring of 

 lildS when an examination made on this farm of 1(56 head of cattle resulted 

 in the finding of but (>!)4 maggots or an average of 4.2 per head. Two calves 

 nniz/.led by day and tied l)etween stakes at night during the summer of 1907 

 were the only ones on the farm entirely free from warbles in the spring of lOOS. 



Hypodernia hovis seems to be more common in Ireland than H. linrata. In 

 b<ith species the interval between the emergence of the maggot fi'om the beast's 

 skin and the appear.mce of the fly is about 7 weeks. 



The extermination of mosquitoes, E. C. Levy (Richmond, ^'a., ffcnltli Dcpt.. 

 1908, lip. I'l. fif/s. 3). — The health department of the citj- of Kichmond is carrying 

 on an active campaign against mosquitoes. This article describes their breeding 

 habits and methods of extermination through draining, filling in, or kerosening 

 the breeding places. 



Miscellaneous papers' on apiculture. The relation of the etiology (cause) 

 of bee diseases to the treatment, G. F. White (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 



