DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING AGROTECHNY. 875 



recognized by succeeding worliers. Each investigator can thus build upon what 

 has been done, and a satisfactory acquaintance with such of the flora as will 

 grow on our culture media is possible at no very remote date. 



"The (luantitative changes observed in 9 normal cheeses, representing 4 cdui- 

 mercial factories and our own dairy, agree closely with those previously found 

 in Wisconsin and Canada. Emphasis should be laid upon the fact that lirst- 

 class cheeses vary widely both in their total germ content and in the age at 

 which the maximum number of bacteria is found. . . . 



" The rate of the ripening process seems to be independent of the number of 

 germs present, except that in certain cheeses a flora closely confined to acid- 

 producing forms was coincident with a retarded rate of ripening. 



'■ There is a lack of satisfactory evidence, either in the results from our 

 studies or in those which have preceded them, that any of the forms thus far 

 isolated play an important part in the later stages of the ripening of normal 

 Cheddar cheese. This does not preclude the possibility that such evidence may 

 be later produced nor that important forms may be found which do not appear 

 upon our present culture media." 



Stringiness in Emmenthal cheese, J. Hohl and R. Steinegger {Landw. 

 Jail lb. Hchiceiz, 22 (1908), Xo. 5, pp. 272-283).— The authors have isolated and 

 described a form of Bacterivm giintheri, which apparently is the cause of 

 stringincss. 



Studies on fermented milk. I, Yoghourt and matzoon, W. Kuntze 

 {Centbl. Bakt. [etc.], 2. Abt., 21 {1908), No. 2-'f-25, pp. 737-768, pis. 3).— The 

 author calls attention to the great variability of the bacteria found in yog- 

 hourt and matzoon by different observers. From his own researches he thinks 

 that some, if not all, of these species described as new are only varieties of 

 species previously known. A complete list of references is appended. 



Alcohol industry in Germany, A. M. Thackara (Mo. Consular and Trade 

 Rpt.s. [r. S.], 1908, .Yo. 339, pp. 179-182).— 0\ev 100,000,000 bu. of potatoes are 

 used per year in the manufacture of alcohol in Germany, and in addition a 

 large amount is made from cherries, plums, berries, grapes, currants, raisins, 

 wine, wine lees, fruit and wine cake, rye, barley, wheat, corn, and sorghum. 

 In northern Germany many of the distilleries are owned by the farmers. Few 

 of the farmers' distilleries have rectifying plants, the crude alcohol being 

 usually sold to dealers for rectifjing purposes or for denaturing. In southern 

 Germany a large number of small farmers distill alcohol with simple apparatus 

 from fruit and berries that can not otherwise be marketed at a profit. 



Micro-photographic atlas of industrially important fibers. I, Vegetable 

 raw material, A. Herzog {Mikrophotof/raphischer Atlas dcr Teelinisch Wichti 

 fjrn Fa.scrstoffc. I, PflauzUche Rohstoffe. Munchen, 1908, pp. 80, pis. Jf6, figs. 

 I'l). — This is a handbook for the microscopic investigations of materials used 

 in the manufacture of textiles, paper, ropes, brushes, etc. The work is pub- 

 lished in two parts, the one containing the discussions, descriptions, and 

 I»ibliogi-aphy. and the other the micro-photographs of the different fibers con- 

 sidered. The instruments, as well as the reagents, used in studying the fibers 

 are enumerated and describetl. The classification of fibers is outlined. The 

 different substances used in the manufacture of paj)er are also considered. 



Paper-making materials and their conservation, F. P. Yeitch {U. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Bur. (Uicni. ('ire. ///, p. 20). — This circular was prepared to furnish infor- 

 mation as to the suitability of various products that may be used for paper 

 stock, and coutains many suggestions for utilizing waste products. Emphasis 

 is laid on the fact that there are large quantities of waste textiles and paper 

 which might witli advantage be employed for paper making. It is estimated 

 that 2,000,000 tons of such waste, worth approximately .$30,000,000, can be 



