87 G EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



si'fiirc'il amiually in tills t-oiiiilry, which would inaki' iiiiitroxinuitt'ly 1,700,000 

 tons t)f jiainT. Materials that may bo usihI for jtaiKT inaUiiiK are tiassifitHi into 

 four jiroups; luunt'ly, seod hairs, bast HbcM-s, stems and leaves of herbaceous 

 plants, and wood, and the relative quantity and value of these different groups 

 is discussed. 



It is stated that the cheapest known raw material for medium grade paper 

 which can be obtained in larjxe quantities is wood. It is estimated that fully 

 1li,()()().(MM> cords of wood are available annually as waste fi-om the lumber 

 industry, liesides larjie quantities from other sources which can doubtless be 

 obtainetl at low cost for cheaper grades of the product. Straws from oat, 

 wheat, rice, and other cereals make a good quality of paper, but are now being 

 used only in small quantities. 



" Malbon or Malva custiUa, a plant which grows wild over large areas from 

 southern California to southwestern Mexico, is used by the Indians in making 

 cordage, roi»es, and coarse fabrics. Examination of the fiber . . . indicates that 

 it will yield about (10 per cent of pulp. Tlie individual fibers are from 0.75 to 

 6 nun. long, averaging 2 nun., and are suitable for making a strong white 

 paper. . . . 



" One of the mpst striking points brought out ... in the examination of 

 paper is that the quality of auy class is seldom as good as the materials and 

 the technical skill of the maker can produce. . . . 



" On the whole it is a conservative statement that the quantity of paper now 

 used in this country can readily be reduced 25 per cent by making from the 

 materials now employed better paper and by using no heavier paper than is 

 required by the service to be i)erformed. . . . Economic agricultural considera- 

 tions indicate that the cultivated straws should only be employed [for paper 

 makingj when the woods and textile and paper wastes can no longer supply 

 the demand or are too costly. Flax liber, when it can not be put to more im- 

 portant uses, should be »>nii)loy('d in pajier making." 



VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



Annual report on the distribution of animal plagues in the German 

 Empire (JahvfHher. Verhr. Tierseuch. Deut. Reiche, 22 {1901), pp. yi-\-91+116, 

 maps 4). — This is a report in which the extent and distribution of the important 

 animal diseases occurring in the Oermau Empire are considered, particularly 

 anthrax, symptomatic anthrax, rabies, glanders, pleuro-pneumonia, hog cholera, 

 swine erysipelas, chicken cholera, fowl plague, scab, and influenza of horses. 

 Details concerning the distribution of the.se diseases in the Empire are also 

 presented in tabular form. Maps are appended showing the occurrence of 

 rabies, glanders, foot-and-mouth disease, and sheep scab in Germany. The 

 meat inspection regulations of Germany are given as are also the laws of the 

 various countries relative to animal diseases. 



Veterinary department, 1907, A. Oliver {Rpts. Finance, Admin., and Con- 

 dition /S'/a/«//, 1907, pp. 837-8't3). — The cattle plague which appeared to have 

 been almost stami)ed out in the Sudan broke out again in the Kassala Province. 

 Sarraja or contagious lymphangitis has become a serious problem over a great 

 part of the Sudan. Trypanosomiasis of all classes of animals is said to be 

 the most serious veterinary question in the province. Biliary fever of the 

 horse and dog and a disease of fowls are transmitted by ticks, the latter caus- 

 ing great loss of poultry in Egypt. Horse sickness was not very prevalent while 

 mange prevailed throughout the Sudan, particularly in baggage camels. Very 

 little progress has as yet been made in the improvement of the local breeds of 

 horses and donkeys. 



