IIORTICULTURK. 941 



hriefly dpseribed and a rather complete l)ilili<)frr.ii»li.v is jriven of jrrape literature 

 iu the United States. 



Notes on the time of blossoming of friait trees, C. II. Hoopp:r (Jour. Bd. 

 Afli: [London], ]■'> (HJOS), Xo. !>, pi>. Ul'H-dHl). — Daily observations were made 

 durinR the spring of 190S on the condition of the blossoms of several varieties 

 of fruit in the plantations of the Wye Agricultural College, with the view of 

 ascertaining the period when the blossom is most susceptible to injury by frost. 



With the exception of apricots and Japanese plums, little damage was done 

 to the blossoms !)y frost in 1!)08. The present notes, however, contain con- 

 siderable information relative to early and late blooming varieties of the 

 various fruits, as well as on the duration of the blooming i»eriod. 



The American apple orchard, F. A. Waugii CNcw York, 1908, pp. X+215, 

 pi. 1, figs. 30). — This work is designed as a sketch of the practice of apple 

 growing in North America at the beginning of the 20th century. Consideration 

 is given to all of the important phases of apple culture, including the geog- 

 raphy of apiile growing, soils, exposures, wind-breaks, winterkilling, planting 

 operations, cultivation, cover crops, pruning, fertilizers, insect pests, fungus 

 diseases and other orchard troubles, spraying machinery and spraying solu- 

 tions, harvesting and marketing, the family orchard, renovation of old orchards, 

 and selection of varieties. The work concludes with a list of the best-known 

 varieties, with condensed descriptions. 



Planting' apple orchards in Idaho, J. R. Shinn {Idaho Sta. Biih 6-'f, pp. 

 5-37, pis. 11, maps 2). — This bulletin on the planting of apple orchards is de- 

 signed to meet the needs of new settlers and other inexperienced growers. 

 Practical suggestions are given relative to the selection of oi'chard sites and 

 varieties, preparing the land, drainage, irrigation, various systems of planting, 

 and care and ]irotection from injurious vermin during the early life of the trees. 



Orchard survey of Jackson County, C. I. I^ewis, S. L. Bennett, and C. C. 

 Vincent (Orcyon Hia. Hul. 101, pp. 3-55, pis. 15). — The character of the survey 

 reported in tliis bulletin is similar to that previously noted for Wasco County 

 (E. S. R., 20, p. 3.30). Studies were made of orchard sites, soils, cultivation, 

 fertilizers, irrigation, drainage, planting systems, kinds and varieties of fruit, 

 age of orchards, pruning, thinning, fungus diseases, insects, yields, harvesting, 

 marketing, and prices received. 



The total number of orchards in the county was found to be 473, containing 

 t»,(>T5.4 acres, of which .").'.)72.1)7 acres were planted to apples. 2,1S1).43 acres to 

 pear.s. and the remaind(>r to prunes, plums, cherries, apricots, almonds, and 

 mixed orchards. Yellow Newton and Spitzenberg were the leading varieties 

 of apples. Of the pears Bartlett was slightly in the lead, followed by Comice 

 and Bosc. The orchard elevations varied from 1,200 to 2.G00 ft. 



A large percentage of the trees were under years of age. The maxinuun 

 yiehls were found in trees from 1~) to .30 years of age. Older trees were 

 (lecliiung in yield bwause of neglect. Practically 74 per cent of the orchards 

 received gf)od cultivation, however, and only li per cent, largely home orchards, 

 were totally neglected. Only 5 per cent of the growers used conunercial 

 fertilizer. ."» per cent cover crops, and 70 per cent stable comi»ost in very 

 limited quantities. Ten per cent of the growers were irrigating and others 

 I)reparing to do so. Eighty-three per cent of the growers favor winter pruning 

 and 11 per cent prune both winter and sununer. 



Anthracnose was the most noticeable fungus disease, being found in til 

 orchards. Other diseases noted in lesser (piantities were, blight, crown gall, 

 shot-hole fungus, and iipple seal). Of the insects the codling moth was notice- 

 ably present iu 141 orchards. San Jose scale was found in OS orchards, the 



