FORESTRY. 943 



The perfect garden, W. V. Wuifiiir {Loudon, 19()S, />/>. Xn-\-'iOR, pis. 30). — 

 In this itopular work the iuithm" discusses garden making from lesthetic and 

 cultural points of view and gives practical hints on economical management 

 and the culture of all the principal flowers, fruits, and vegetables. The text 

 is fully illustrated, and several plans for different types of gardens are 

 aiipcndcd. 



Garden book, J. Bicgle (Philadelphia, 1908. pp. IS.'f, pi. 1, fiff.s. 8/).— This is 

 a pocket handbook containing practical directions and hints for growing vege- 

 tables, small fruits, and tiowers for pleasure and profit. 



FORESTRY. 



Silviculture based on natural principles, H. Mayr {Waldhan auf naturgc- 

 setzlicher Qrundlagc. Berlin, 1909, pp. VII +568, figs. 27).— In this treatise 

 on silviculture the author has aimed to bring the observations and results of 

 scientific investigations and silvicultural practice into harmonious unison. The 

 subject-matter is treated under the general headings of the natural principles 

 of silviculture, forest formation, and care and rearing of forests. 



In part 1 consideration is given to the natural laws affecting forest distribu- 

 tion; the natural foundations of the forest regions of the Northern Hemisphere 

 outside of the Tropics ; the interior relations of these regions ; the nsitural re- 

 quirements of individual species; their sllvicultural-physiological and silvi- 

 cultural-biological properties; the scientific-silvicultural characteristics of the 

 important foi-est trees and shrubs ; the biology of forest stands ; and altera- 

 tions in natural forest conditions effected by man. Part 2 discusses the various 

 systems of forest management; the factors influencing the choice of a system 

 of management: natural and artificial regeneration methods; the culture of 

 exotic species; and afforesting waste. lands. Part 3 deals with the care and 

 tending of forests. 



In the concluding chapter the author advocates and describes a system of 

 forest management, the small compartment woods (Kleinbestandswald). which 

 system he believes will provide for forest development along both natural and 

 econ(miic lines. In the small compartment forests the districts and com- 

 ]»artments may be based on ttvhnical considerations, but the subcompartments, 

 which may vary from 0.3 hectare to 3 hectiires (from 0.74 to 7.41 acres) 

 iu size, each consist of a different species. The whole forest is then com- 

 posed of a large number of small, pure stands. In certain situations, such as 

 mountains, high hills, and sandy and wet lauds, it may be found desirable to 

 increase the size of the subcompartments to 5 hectares and to grow the same 

 sjtecies in neighboring compartments, although in the latter case the age-class 

 of the adjoining stands should vary considerably. 



The fundamental principles of forest management, A. IIenze (Die Ilanpt- 

 grnndxalzc dis Forxtbctrichcs. Hanover, 1908, pp. II.'), figs. 9). — This is a 

 jtopnlar book treating of the elements of silviculture and forest management. 

 The work is designed primarily for farmers owning woodlands, and as a text- 

 Ixiok for agricultural scliools. 



The rang'e-ofRcer system in the German state forest administration, O. von 

 liKNTiiKi.N! (I)as Obirforstcrsi/slcin in drn dciitsclirn StaatyforNtrcnralhtngen. 

 Ihrlin. 1908, pp. 219). — In this work the author traces the development of the 

 range-otiicer system in (Jerman forestry, and presents evidence to show that, 

 nitliongh great impi'ovements have been brought about in forest management, 

 the system has not i)een comjiletely developed. lie attril)utes many unfavorable 

 existing forest conditions in (Jermany to this lack of comi)letion, and concludes 

 with suggestions for a more thorough development of the range-officer system. 



