ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 973 



lambs, yearlings, wethers, and ewes. The subclasses of breeding sheep are 

 bucks and ewes. Each subclass is divided into grades based on differences 

 between the best and the less desirable animals. In the mutton class these 

 differences are l)ased on (luality, condition, weight, and form; in the feeder 

 class on quality, form, condition, and weight; and in the breeding class on age, 

 constitution, form, breeding, quality, and condition. The characteristics of the 

 different classes and grades are considered in detail. 



Principles of modern swine breeding- (Landiv. Wchnhl. Schles. Hoist., 58 

 (1908), Xos. .',S. 1>1>- S.n-H2!>; J,9, />/'■ <S}.-'-N'/6'; HO, pi). SSJ-SoD; 51, pp. 873-876; 

 52, pp. 886-88!)). — A series of popular articles on the swine industry from the 

 economic standpoint. 



The preservation of our native types of horses, G. M. Rommel ( U. 8. Dept. 

 Agr., Bur. Anim. Indus. Rpt. 1907, pp. 85-L'i3, fi<js. 19; Circ. 137, pp. So-lJfS, 

 pi. 1, figs. 19). — The author discusses the development of horse breeding in the 

 United States, with special reference to the origin of types of light horses. 

 Special topics discussed are the influence of Morgan blood on the saddle horse, 

 "saddle" blood in American carriage horses, and the Standard bred as a car- 

 riage horse. It is stated that the classification of American carriage horses, 

 formulated by this Dejiartment in cooperation with the American Association of 

 Trotting Horse P.rt>eders, has met with widespread adoption. The stud records 

 of the breeding experiments in cooperation with the Colorado and Vermont 

 stations, and the pedigrees of Department studs, are given in the article. 



" In the Department's work the individuality of a horse is the point given 

 greatest weight in his selection, and strict selection to type is the policy in 

 view. Wherever possible (as in the last Kentucky purchase), the inheritance 

 of type has been combined with the selection of type in the individual, and 

 naturally an animal that inherits good individuality from his ancestors and is 

 himself a good individual is much more valuable for the Department breeding 

 establishments than one without such an inheritance." 



Progress in Wisconsin ho'rse breeding, A. S. Alexander (MHsconsin Sta. 

 Bui. 169, pp. 3-56). — This bulletin rei>orts the effects of the operation of the 

 Wisconsin stallion law (E. S. R., IS, p. 764; 19, p. 774), upon the horse breeding 

 industry of this State. As the result of this law 553 grade animals, many of 

 which were unsound, have been retired from public service. The bulletin also 

 contains a directory of owners of 225 pure-bred and o27 grade stallions and jacks 

 licensed in 1908 and of the transfers of ownership of animals previously listed. 



French breeds and poultry culture in Russia, De Gontcharoff (Bui. Mens. 

 Off. Rciiscig. Agr. [I'aris], 7 (1908), Xo. 9, pp. 1 113-11 20).— llouaau, Faverolle, 

 La Fleche, Crevecceur, Bresse, Mans, and Barbezieux breeds have been imported 

 by Russian breeders. The Houdan is more common but the Faverolle is more 

 easily acclimated. The Toulouse goose has produced excellent results when 

 crossed with native ))reeds. Rouen ducks are superior to native stock. Pigeons 

 and rabbits are not extensively raised for table use. French turkeys are not 

 hardy enough for the Knssian climate and the breeders are now importing the 

 American lironze. 



The poultry work of the Bureau of Animal Industry. R. R. Slocum (U. S. 

 Dcpt. Agr., Bur. Anim. Indus. Upt. 1907, pp. 353-.i60). — This is a paper based on 

 an address before the American Poultry A.ssociation at Niagara Falls, N. Y., 

 August 11, 1907, and contains an account of the investigations on i)oultry hus- 

 liandry and a list of puldications on this subject by this Deiiartment, with sug- 

 gestions as to futiin- work. 



Mrs. Basley's poultry book, .Mus. .\. Ha.si.kv (Ao.v Angdrs, Cat., 1908, pp. 

 192, f'lgx. 50). — This is a general treatise for i)eople who wish to raise poultry 

 on the Pacific coast, and is in part a synopsis of a previous work on Woman's 



