980 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



was caused by a Roriu. Sweet flavors in Cheddar cheese are due to yeasts. 

 llaciUus rudciitii.s is the cause of rusty spot. 



The swelliufi of caiiued peas was due to a single species of l)acteria. Studies 

 were uiade on tlie chemistry of apple juice and homemade cider viueKai". 



Process for transforming' milk into a solid substance, G. V. Fkyk (French 

 Patent 389,835, May 2, 1908; abs. in Jour. Hoc. Clicin. Indus., 21 (1908), No. 20, 

 p. 1026). — By a process which is patentetl, milk is subjected to the action of 

 an electric current, then oxidized, and molded into various shapes and dried. 

 Collodion and oil may be added to produce elastic substances. The product is 

 chiefly of use as an electrical insulator. 



Preservation of unfermented fruit juice (Oklahoma Hta. Rpt. 1908, p. 71). — 

 Directions are given for the preservation of the unfermented juice of apples 

 and fjrapes. 



Sulphurous acid in wine making, E. Dupont (Rev. Vit., 30 ( 1908), Nos. 

 767, pp. 230-233; 768, pp. 253-257; 769, pp. 281,-289; 770, pp. 309-312).— X series 

 of articles wa-itten for the use of the practical wine maker, and treating in a 

 popular manner investigations previously reported (E. S. li., li), p. 9S0). 



Refrigeration in enology, B. Haas [Rer. Vit., 30 (1908), \o. 780, pp. 589- 

 592). — A popular article on the influence of temperature in wine making. 



The preparation of wine in Algeria, J. Foussat (Gouvt. (Jen. Alg^rie, Dir. 

 Agr., Inform. Apr., Bui. 5, pp. J/l, figs. 10). — A popular account of wine making, 

 with special reference to Algerian methods. 



VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



The effect of certain diseases and conditions of cattle upon the milk supply, 

 J. R. MoHLER (U. >S. Dcpt. Agr., Bur. Aiiim. Indus. Rpt. 1907, pp. lJf'>-l-','.i). — 

 The diseases considered include tuberculosis, which is deemed probably the most 

 important disease of cows from the standpoint of public health, actinomycosis, 

 botryomycosis, foot-and-mouth disease, anthrax, cowpox, rabies, mammitis 

 (mastitis or garget), gastro-enteritis, millv sickness, and septic or febrile con- 

 ditions. Abnormal appearance and conditions of milk to be guarded against, 

 such as slimy, stringy, or ropy milk, bitter milk, colored milk, poisonous milk, 

 etc., are also considered. 



The author makes the following recommendations as the basis for laws and 

 for regulations by public health officers : "That all cows on dairy farms pro- 

 ducing milk for market purposes be tagged, tattooed, or otherwise marked for 

 identification. 



"That all milk produced on such dairy farms shall either come from tuber- 

 culin-tested cattle, wliich shall be retested at least once a year, or be subjected 

 to pasteurization under the supervision of the health authorities in case the herd 

 is not tuberculin tested. 



" That no additions to any herd, whether the herd has been tested or not, 

 shall be made in the future without sul)jecting the additional cattle to the 

 tuberculin test. 



" That no license for the sale of milk shall in future be granted except to 

 applicants having herds free of tuberculosis. 



" That the milk of cattle showing any of the udder affections above men- 

 tioned, or anthrax, i-abies, gastro-enteritis, septic conditions, or clinical symp- 

 toms of tuberculosis, shall not be utilized as human food, even though the milk 

 be pasteurized. Milk from cows 15 days before and 5 days after parturition 

 and that from animals receiving . . . deleterious medicaments or foodstuffs . . . 

 shall likewise be excluded. 



