990 KXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



iimki' (Jeorjiia fanufrs more solf-snstaininj; iiiid indepoiident in order that tliey 

 may cooperate in the marketing of their crops to greater advantage. 



Some associations of agricultural importance, A. Kakymaixkkks (Aim. 

 (Ictiihloii.r. I!> ( /'.)0!>). .Vo. /, jiii. I-II). — Tlie author discusses the origin, deveio])- 

 ment, objects, and present status of the most iin|iortant agricultural associations 

 and coo|)erative societies in Itelgium with particular reference to their i)earingon 

 the nation's ec-onomic and social welfare. The following data show the status of 

 these organizations at the close of 1907: Agricultural associations numbered 

 1,058 with 63,200 members; cooperative societies for the purchase of farm 

 supplies 1.004. expending for this purpose about $4.(51,^,120; cooperative dairies 

 407. doing a business valued at about $0,905,357; Kaifteisen credit banks .523, 

 loaning about $(>.~>7.970 ; and assurance societies 1.591, insuriiig live stock 

 valued at about $2(>.S70.7.52. 



The cooperative principle in the organization of agriculture in Denmark, 

 T. liKixK.MANX ( I'iihliiH/'s Ldiithr. Ztf/.. .77 (W08), Xo. 20, iip. (nS-d'.l.', ) . — The 

 author discusses the position of Denmark with regard to the world's markets, 

 its agricultural possibilities and conditions, the number and size of its holdings, 

 and other features of its economic life which have had a bearing on the devel- 

 opment of the cooi)eratve organization of agriculture in that country. The co- 

 operative production and marketing of products are almost entirely limited to 

 three fields — milk products, eggs, and bacon. The bulk of these products are 

 shown to be raised on small holdings where marketing with profit would be 

 impossible without cooperation, and the growth of the movement among the 

 small farmers has resulted not only in developing the highest forms of agricul- 

 tural cooperation to be found in Eui'ope, but also has contributed to the eco- 

 nomic welfare and independence of the Danish peasant class. 



Jubilee of the Imperial Union of German Agricultural Cooperative So- 

 cieties (Dciit. Agr. and Tech. Instr. Ireland Jour., 9 (I'.iOS), Xo. J. pp. 37-Ji2; 

 Xatal Agr. Jour., 12 (1909), No. 1, pp. J^Jf, JfS). — .\ summarized account of, the 

 I'.istory of agricultural coojieratiou in Germany and of the above organization 

 in particular. 



Statistics of the development and business of the coojierative societies are 

 presented, from which it appears that on June 1, 190S, there were 21.959 in 

 Germany, of which the credit societies numbered 14,675, agricultural societies 

 2,138, creameries .3.132, and miscellaneous 2.014. Of the entire number, 17.627 

 belong to the imperial union. 



Farming on shares in the present system of rural economy, A. Serpieri 

 (BoL Quind. Soc. Agr. Ital.. ].l (1908), No. 22, pp. J 028-1 057 ).—ThiA paper 

 describes the different forms of share farming in various sections of Italy, 

 l)oints out mider what circumstances and conditions of land and labor this 

 system offers the best economic and social results, and discusses the ec-onomic 

 limitations of farming on shares in Italy. The transformation of share farming 

 into the tenant system, it is believed, will probably be intensified in the future 

 and will be to the advantage of the tenant class. 



The paper is followed by detailed explanatory notes and a discussion. 



Agriculture and the tariff in England, O. BiJHLER (Lundic. Jahrb., 37 

 (1908), No. 6. pp. 961-1050). — This article discusses the governmental inquiry 

 into the agricultural conditions of England in 1906 and the significance of the 

 land laws passed in 11M17 for their imi)rovement. 



The agricultural holdings act, 1908 (dard. Chron.. 3. ser., .',5 (1909), Nos. 

 11-^9. pp. 11, 12; 1150, pp. 27, 28). — This is a discussion of the act which took 

 effect January 1, 1909. regulating the i-elations between landlord and tenant in 

 England. The act repeals the market gardeners' compensation act of 1895, and 

 the agricultural holdings acts of 1883, 1900, and 1906. The provisions relate to 



