ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 1053 



to warrant the purchase of materials in barrel lots directly from the 

 prodncer. . . . 



" Misclble oil may be applied any time during the dormant season, so long as 

 the temperature is above the freezing point." 



Miscellaneous treatment for San Jose scale, T. B. Symons (Manjland »s7fl. 

 liiil. I.il. iiji. 12d-l )'.)). — A number of new patent washes including Niagara 

 brand concentrated lime-sulphur, orchard brand lime-sulphur. Hex lime-sulphur, 

 San-u-zay, Target Brand scale emulsion. Orchard Brand soluble oil, and 

 avenarius carbolineum were tested. 



From these tests it appears that all the stronger solutions employed with the 

 exception of San-u-zay and avenarius carbolineum gave good results. From 

 further experiments with hydrocyanic-acid gas it was determined that the 

 excessive amount of 0.50 gm. of cyanid per cubic foot will not injure peach 

 buds under ordinary conditions of fumigation. At 0..30 gm. per cubic foot, 30 

 minutes was not suflficient to kill all the scales and 4.^) minutes exposure is 

 recommended. Dipping experiments in which dormant nursery trees were 

 dipped in several insecticides including lime-sulphur, Scalecide, Target Brand, 

 soluble oil, Kill-o-scale, and San-u-zay indicate that the treatment is effective 

 in combating San Jose scale. Further experimentation is considered necessary, 

 however, befoi'e such treatment can be recommended. 



Notes on Aspidiotus destructor and its chalcid parasite in Tahiti, R. W. 

 DOANE (Jour. Earn. Ent., 1 {V.HlS), No. 6. pp. 3',1, 3'/^^).— The author visited 

 the Society Islands during the summer of 1908 to study the conditions that con- 

 trol the appearance and disappearance of the transparent coconut scale. In 

 some of the islands this scale has killed many of the trees and affected others 

 so badly that no nuts are borne. The pest attacks all parts of the tree, except 

 the roots and old trunk, and in all stages of its growth. 



In Tahiti on most of the plantations the scale was found to be disappearing 

 at a very rapid rate, due to the work of the parasite Aspidiotiphagus citrinus. 

 On some of the trees 50 to 75 per cent of the scale were found to be dead. 

 Specimens of the scale more or less badly parasitized from 6 islands of the 

 group were seen by the author, and it is thought that under normal conditions 

 the i)arasite will soon have the scale so well under control that it will no longer 

 be a menace to the trees. 



Care of scale-infested trees, H. A. Surface {Zool. Bui. Penn. Dcpt. Agr., 6 

 (1909), No. 11, pp. 567--396).— Directions for the care of trees infested with 

 San .Jose and other scales. The angoumois grain moth is also briefly considered. 



Whitefly studies in 1908, K. W. Berger {Florida Hta. Bui. 97, pp. .'i3~ll, 

 figs. 18). — This is a revision of Bulletin SS of the station previously noted 

 (K. S. K., IS, p. 850), together with a report of progress. 



Six fungus parasites are now known to infect the larviie of the whitetly and 

 a seventh infects both larv;e and adults. Methods for introducing whitefly 

 fungi are considered at some length. The writer is of the opinion that by 

 following tlie reconnnendatlons here made regarding parasitic fungi that their 

 efficacy can be doubled and a clean fruit produced two years out of three. 



Two fungus hyjierparasites Clado.^porium sp. and Coniothiirium sp. are 

 reiu>rted. The former frequently overruns and destroys red and yellow Ascher- 

 sonias, while the latter occasionally overruns pustules of the brown fungus, 

 chiefly after the latter has become old or weakened from drought or cold 

 weather. 



The food plants preferi*ed by the whitefly include two native species, prickly 

 ash (Fagara clava-herculis) and the wild persimmon (Dioftpyros virginiana), 

 and several introduced species, nameb*. all varieties of citrus, chinaberry. 

 umbrella tree, cape jessamine, privets, and Japanese persimmon. The author 



