1088 EXPERIMENT STATION IJECORD. 



and along Stony Crook in tlio vk-inity of Orlaiul. The roport of these investiga- 

 tions inoludos a i»riof dosciiption of tlio eliiof foatnros. followed by "an investi- 

 gation of the various subjects pertaining to tlie use of water in irrigation, ein- 

 braoing the conveyance of water and its delivery to users, character of water 

 rights, and cost of wate;*, seepage, and evaporation losses botli in tlie channels 

 and on the fields, duty of water under main canals and laterals and on individ- 

 ual farms, proper methods of preparing the land, methods of applying water, 

 ascei'taining the right time to irrigate, the removal of waste water, irrigated 

 products, etc." 



In connection with the investigations along Stony Creek there were conducted 

 eight experiments to determine the amount of water used by farmers under 

 usual conditions. In five of tlios-e exi)eriments devoted to alfalfa an area of (JT.9 

 acres yielded under irrig;ition an average of 5.38 tons per acre for the season at 

 an average cost of $1.78 peK ton. The net depth of water applied as averaged 

 for four of these and one other alfalfa experiment was 4.15 feet, this being the 

 difference between the quantity entering the field and that wasted. In an ex- 

 l)eriment with lemons the net depth applied was 1.76 feet. The results of the 

 experiments led to the conclusion that an unnecessary amount of water, 

 was used on the crops, and he gives at the end of the bulletin a few suggestions 

 regarding the economical use of water. 



The hydrologic station of Abbeville, I'. Houllier and H. Pellet {Bui. 

 Assoc. Cliiin. Siicr. et Distill., 26 iinos), yo. 6, pp. -'/~^T-'/.'/ '/, fiffs. 2). — An ac- 

 count is given of the equipment and W'Ork of this station, which is connected 

 with a beet-sugar factory of Abbeville. The station was established to stud.\ 

 the relation between rainfall, evaporation, transpiration, and drainage, par- 

 ticularly with reference to the water requirements of the sugar beet. It is 

 e(iuipped with rain gauges, evaporometers. vegetation cases, and other appliances 

 necessary for exact measurements of rainfall, drainage, evaporation, and trans- 

 piration. The results of studies during 1906, 1907, and 1908 on evaporation 

 from fallow soil and from soil planted to sugar beets are re[)orted, as well as 

 of a study of the amount of water required for the growth of sugar beets. 



Earth roads, A. R. Hirst (Wis. Goal, and ]\^at. Hist. Survey Rami Pamphlet 

 1, pp. 32, figs. 13). — This is the first of a series of pamphlets issued by the 

 Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey on the subject of roads. It 

 is intended to give in a brief form the 1)est methods of earth road construction, 

 and to point out how to obtain the best results for the amount expended. 



The earth road drag, A. R. Hirst (Wis. GcoJ. and \at. Hist. Surcey Road 

 Poinplilct 2, pp. 2.'i, figs. .'/). — The object and benefits of road dragging are dis- 

 cussed here, with an (explanation of the i)ropor construction and use of the 

 drag. The material is largely compiled from re]iorts of the Illinois State 

 Highway Commission, and from a bulletin on rural highways issued by the 

 Survey. 



Stone and gravel roads, A. R. Hirst (Wis. Grol. -ind Xai. Hist. Survnj Road 

 I'anipliU't 3, pp. 32, flgs. 12). — This is the third of the series noted above and 

 considers briefly the main points to be observed in stone and gravel road con- 

 struction. There are described and illustrated the approved practices in stone 

 road construction, but it is stated that the bulletin should be considered more 

 in the nature of a preliminary guide to prospective road Imilders than as a 

 treatise. 



Culverts and bridges, A. R. Hirst (Wis. Grol. and Xat. Hist. Survey Road 

 Pamphlet .}, pp. o'l, })1. 1, figs. 15). — The design and construction of culverts, 

 with particular reference to the materials used, is taken up quite fully in thi.^ 

 pamphlet, and directions for making concrete culverts are given in detail. 



