1092 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



J'inijiih. axis, it]». I'/ + XJ). — Till' iiHiiiher of nuMl iiuitnal eroilit societies in- 

 croastHl during the year from 174 to 253 and tlie surplus was 53,8(54 rupees 

 (about )?17,450), or twice as large as in July, 1907 ( E. S. 11., 20. p. 3!)0). The 

 rate of interest charged by the societies is less than 10 per cent, while private 

 money lenders charge 25 per cent or ni<»re. 



AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. 



The college of agriculture and the State, L. II. P>aii.i;y ([Ithaca, ^^ Y.], 

 mini. pp. JO' I. — A notable address on the functions of a State agricultural col- 

 lege, delivered during Farmers' Week at Cornell I'niversity, February 20, l!i09, 

 and intended to be preliminary to a State campaign for rural progress to supple- 

 ment the work of the National ('ouutry I^ife Commission. 



There is preseuted an analysis of the agencies already at work, the relations 

 of the agricultural to the genex'al educational system, and the relations of the 

 agricultural college to present social problems. The author held that inasmuch 

 as civilization develops out of industries iind occupations, and the agricultural 

 colleges represent this civilization, they can not be properly considered as class 

 institutions. The three-fold function of such colleges, the " discovery of fact, 

 teaching it to students, taking it to all the people," was clearly emphasized and 

 elaborated. The suitable training of agricultural teachers was characterized 

 as the " greatest work now before this college." The present support of college 

 education in agriculture in the State of New York was shown to be at the rate 

 of only one sixty-sixth of 1 per cent of the property valuation of the State. 



Agriculture in secondary sch.ools, T. F. Hunt (Ann. Rpt. Pcnn. Dcpt. Agr., 

 13 (1907). pp. J-sJ-.i.'/.") ) . — A review is given of progress in introducing agricul- 

 ture into secondary schools, and attention is called to available literature and 

 other facilities to aid in carrying on such work. 



Rural education, A. C. TnuE (Ann. Rpt. Pcnn. Dcpt. Af/r., 13 (1907), pp. 

 231-237). — Attention is called to the desirability of introducing instruction in 

 agriculture into the rural school curriculum, and examples of successful work 

 along this line are cited. 



The education of the farmer, C. De Mar (Ann. Rpt. Ohio Bd. Agr., 62 (1907), 

 pp. 572-575). — This paper, read at the farmers' institute held at Newtown, Ohio, 

 December 6, 1907, discusses the value of farmers' institutes, the importance of 

 home industrial training, recreation, and good, business-like farm management. 



Domestic science, Alice I'enkose (Ann. Rpt. Ohio Bd. Agr., 62 (1907), pp. 

 J/78-Jt81). — This paper, read at the farmers' institute held at Damascus, Ohio, 

 February 26 and 27, 1908, points out in detail the value for girls of this kind of 

 work in furnishing immediate application in the home for the facts learned in 

 school in the lines of cooking, chemistry, bacteriQlogy, and physiology. These 

 applications are of great service in interesting the mothers as well in the 

 advancement of modern domestic practice. 



The nature-study outlook, I>. II. Bailey (Naturc-Studu Rev., // (1908), No. 

 6, pp. 169-172). — This informal address considers several important considera- 

 tions in nature-study work. The author maintains that the ordinary public 

 school seems to lack motive power, being dominated too much by system, regu- 

 larity, and college ideals, and that "the formal literary college entrance re- 

 quirement is not an expression of the best activities of living." He believes 

 that while nature-study work should be systematic, definite, and have relation, 

 nevertheless it is easy to make it so formidable as to take the life out of it. 

 "Laboratory teaching may be .iust as far from life as book teaching is; it all 

 depends on the intention and the mode." 



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