FOODS HUMAN NUTRITION. • 1167 



with froo hydroxy! frroups. On storasie tho Muiouiit of such material increases. 

 On saponilication, such fat and liver extract hoth yield clioleslerin, the yield 

 from liver fat being consi(h'raltly (lie jrreater. 



The behavior of certain indigestible carbohydrates in the digestive tract, 

 L. B. Mendel (Zciiibl. Gcsnin. Physiol, u. Paih. Staff wcchseU, n. scr.. ,i {lUOS), 

 No. 11, PI). G'll-Uo'i). — A digest of data on insoluble carbohydrates, particularly 

 those of marine algjp, and a sunnnary of digestion experiments carried on in 

 the author's laboratory with such foods in comparison with raw Kalian chest- 

 nuts. See also a previous note ( E. S. K., IS. \^. ItMiS). 



The possible advantage of these alga' carbohydrates as laxatives and other 

 (piestions are considered. 



An improved respiration apparatus of the Regnault and Reiset type, N. 

 Zi^NTZ and C. Oppeniieimer iliioclicin. Ztuchr., I) (I DOS), .Vo. J-O", itp. 361-368, 

 111. 1). — The respiration apparatus d(^scribed is so arranged that it is immersed 

 in water during experimental periods. The authors claim greater convenience 

 of operation and the elimination of parts which are easily broken. With this 

 form of apparatus it is not necessary to use mercury, and this also is considered 

 an advantage. 



Adjusting and testing the modified Regnault and Reiset respiration appa- 

 ratus devised by Zuntz and Oppenheimer, A. Schlossmann and II. Murscu- 

 HAUSER (Biochem. Ztschr., l-'t (1908), Xo. 5-6, pp. 369-38Ji. flf/a. ,?).— According 

 to the results of check experiments in wliich alcohol was burned in the respira- 

 tion chamber the instrument gives very accurate results. Similar accuracy was 

 obtained in an experiment with a dog which is also recorded. 



Respiratory exchange of an infant as shown by experiments with the 

 Zuntz and Oppenheimer respiration apparatus, A. Schlossmann, C. Oppen- 

 heimer. anil II. MuRSCHHAXTSEK {Biovhctn. Ztschr., 1.', (1908), No. 5-6, pp. 385- 

 .'i06). — I 'Sing the respiration apparatus described above, experiments with a 

 nursing infant are reported. Considering the average of six 8-hour periods, 

 the oxygen consumption was 0.731 gra. per kilogram of body weight and the 

 carbon dioxid production 0.913 gm., and the respiratory quotient 0.911. The 

 average weight of the child was £5.79 kg. Determinations are also reported with 

 infants asleep f<a' different periods after feeding. 



The transformation of energy in the muscles when work is performed, 

 M. F. .MAUiNON {Ann. Soc. Af/r. Sri. ci. Indus. Lijon, 1901, pp. I'i5-16l). — A 

 mathematical discussion of food energetics. 



The effects of muscular work upon the excretion of endogenous purins, 

 E. L. Kennaway iJdiir. I'In/siol., 38 (1908), No. 1, pp. I~.^.'>). — (Quotations from 

 the author's summaiy of his extended investigations follow: 



"During unaccustomed nniscnlar exercise, the output of uric acid is dimin- 

 ished, while that of the ])urin bases is increased; the total output of jturin 

 compounds does not differ gn'atly from the normal amotuit. Such exercise is 

 followed by a greatly increased excretion of uric acid. 



" If a certain amount of a certain form of work be performed on a series of 

 occasions, the changes observed show » i>rogressive diminuticn in amount. . . . 



" Salicylic acid and muscular work can produce their characteristic effects 

 upftn the output of uric acid simullaneonsly without any apparent modification, 

 and the amount excreted under these conditions is extremely large. These facts 

 are most readily explained by supiiosing thai musculni- work leads to an in- 

 creased formation of uric acid. 



"The increase of piirin bases and (Iecrea.s«> of uric acid in the urine during 

 nniscnlar work aitpear to be due to defective oxidation of purin compounds. 

 It was not found possible to produce evidence of a definite increase in these 

 oxidative processes by inhalation of oxygen. 



