ANIMAL PHODUCTION. 1173 



Horse breeding is a great iiulnslry and over $r),()00,()00 worth of horses are 

 exported anmially. Native Hungarian eattle constitute alK)Ut 22 ))er cent of 

 the total number of cattle, the rest being mainly breeds imported from Switzer- 

 land. Until recently but little attention had been paid to butter making, and 

 hog fat is used hirgely to take the i)lace of butter. The number of swine in 

 the country is about 5,000,000. These for the most part consist of the Mauga- 

 licza breed, a coarse, long-haired beast with about 5 in. of fat along the back, 

 liecently Yorkshires have been introduced. The system of meat inspection Is 

 very complete and up-to-date abattoirs exist throughout the country. 



Cattle raising, F. Dettweilkr (Die Aiifsuclit dcs liindcf!. Berlin, 190S, pp. 

 235). — This is a treatise for the practical breeder. There are brief accounts 

 of the origin of domesticated cattle and of the factors which influence inherit- 

 ance. The main part of the book is devoted to the care and management of 

 the growing animal. In an appendix of 01 pages data are given as to the 

 cost of raising young stock of the different breeds. 



The history of cattle breeding at Einsiedeln, P. O. Ringholz {Laiidw. Jahrf). 

 ^^chiceiz, 22 (IDOS), No. 8, pp. JflS-oOS, pis. Jf, figs. 2).— A contribution to the 

 history of the Bi'own Swiss cattle fi'om the ninth century to the present time. 

 It contains much general information on the agriculture of Switzerland of the 

 period, as well as an account of the improvement and importance of the Brown 

 Swiss breed. 



The spotted cattle of southern Moravia, M. IS'itsche (Ontcn: Molk. Ztg., 16 

 (1909), Nos. 1, pp. 1-3; 2, pp. 11-19; 3, pp. 31-33; '/, pp. //.5-'/7).— This is. an 

 abstract of a work by Ij. Adametz on the spotted cattle of this region. The 

 variations in color, conformation, and economic qualities of these cattle are 

 described. The methods of feeding are also noted. 



Aberdeen- Angus cattle, A. Pulling {London, 1908, pp. 150). — This contains 

 an account of the leading families of this breed, with a few notes as to why 

 certain families have become fashionable. 



On the protein minimum for growing wethers, T. Katayama (Landir. 

 Vers. >S7«f., 69 (1908), No. 5-6, pp. S2t-3.'il). — From digestion experiments with 

 4-year-old wethers, the author concludes that leaving out of consideration the 

 growth of wool, 0.41 kg. per 1,000 kg. live weight is the minimum protein 

 re(iuirement for wethers. The rations in these experiments consisted of hay, 

 straw, sugar, stiircli, and aleuronat. 



Fertility in Scottish sheep, F. II. A. Marshall (Tnin.s. U'ujhland and Apr. 

 fioc. Hcot., 5. ser., 20 (1908), pp. 139-151).— From a study of data collected from 

 the lambing returns of 190.''), 1000, and 1007 it appears that some form of flush- 

 ing or extra feeding innnedlately preceding the lambing period increases the 

 lierceiifage of fertility. 



Unique experiment in sheep breeding, J. P.. Spkncior (Farmer's Advocate, 

 J,3 (1908), No. S.'i6, p. 1883). — Selection experiments made by A. (J. P.ell to 

 ascertain whether extra nipples could l)e so developed as to become functional, 

 and whether sheej) witli four functional niitples were more prolilic than other 

 sheep, are reported. In the original flock those that bore twins constituted 24 

 per cent of the normally nippled and 43 per cent of the abnormally nippled 

 ewes. After several years of selection most of the ewes Ixirn jiossessed four 

 functional mammse, and some liad from f) to S nipples. The niulti-nipi>led sli(>ep 

 have not i)roved to be more fertile than the otliers. Twin lambs though smaller 

 at birth often overtake single lambs by atitunuL 



Caracul sheep, A. Pirocciii (Bol. Uffic. Min. A(/r., Indus, e Com. [Rome], 

 7 (1908). IV, No. //. /)/). .',07-',20). — In this article the author describes the 

 characteristics of these slu'cp and their geographical distribution. He thinks 



