40 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Apple growing in Montana, R. W. Fimikk {MautdiKi Sla. Jhil. ^//, pji. .50-71). — 

 Directions are };iven for the culture of apiiles in ^iontana and varieties snjifj:ested for 

 plantin>j at liif^'li altitudes. It is believed that suliicient ai)i)les for home use can be 

 grown anywlu'R' in the State below an altitude of 5,000 ft. Lists prepared from 

 data obtained from growers are given shf)wing the varieties of apples best suited to 

 the different sections of the State. 



The apple: Propagation, planting, pruning, and culture, W. F. Massey 

 {Norlli Carol iixi Sta. Ilnl. 18.?, pp. .5-1.3, Jh/. 1). — Popular directions are given for the 

 plantiiiir and maiiagenu'iit of ajiple orchards in North Carolina. 



Apples in North Carolina, T. K. Bkuxkk [Xorili Carolina Sta. Bid. 183, 2)p. 

 14-30, 2>l. l,fHI>^. -?^)- — A list is given of the a])ples grown in North Carolina, with 

 brief descriptions of the different varieties most suited for the family orchard and 

 for connnercial orchards. Varieties most suita])le for culture in central and eastern 

 North Carolina are also noted. 



Preparing apples for market, T. K. Brunee {North Carolina Sla. Bui. 182, j)p- 

 31, 33, f[i>f. 3). — Popular directions are given for barreling apples. 



How to utilize the surplus apple crop, G. McC.\rthy [Xnrlh Carolina Sta. 

 Bui. 183, 2^p. 34-38, figi^. 3). — A discussion of the preparation of dried and evap- 

 orated apples and the making of apple Initter, marmalade, jelly, and fruit juices. 

 It is l)elieved much more advantageous to evaporate apples than to sun dry them, 

 since evaporated apples sell for al)out 6 cents a pound, while sun-dried apples bring 

 only 22 to ?)\ cents a jiound. A profitable evaporator should have a capacity of not 

 less than 300 lbs. of dried fruit per day. • Such a machine costs about $100. The 

 author deprecates the bleaching of fruits l)y fumes of burning sulphur and suggests 

 instead that they be dropped into a tub of weak salt brine, made in the proportion 

 of 1 lb. of clean table salt to 16 gal. of water, and boiled together for 10 minutes. 



Cider vinegar, G. McCarthy {North Carolina Sta. Bui. 183, pp. 39, 40). — Brief 

 directions are given for the home making of cider vinegar. 



Peach growing in Missouri, W. L. Howard {Mismuri Stale Bd. Agr., Mo. Bid. 

 3 {190-)), No. 3, p}>. 30-3 f). — Popular directions are given for the planting, growing, 

 and marketing of jH'aches in Missouri. 



Pruning peach trees, J. C. Whitten {Mi.t.^onri Sta. Bid. 5.5, pp. 211-340, fir/s. 

 15). — An account of some experiments following the severe winter freezes of 1898-99 

 in pruning back peach trees. The cold had killed practically all the fruit buds, 

 while the w^ood of the trees was badly discolored even to the heart. In the experi- 

 mental work some of the trees were left unpruned for comparison. With others the 

 new wood was pruned back about half, as is the customary yearly practice. In the 

 majority of cases with the older trees the limbs were cut back into 3 or 4-year-old 

 wood, leaving arms on the main branches 3 to 5 ft. long. Most of the pruning was 

 done in FeT)ruary soon after the freeze, though in some instances it was continued 

 until the leaves were just starting. The following spring the trees which were not 

 pruned at all started into leaf growth first. They made a feeble growth during 

 the summer, the growth being confined principally to the tips of the branches. 

 There was almost no indication of growth in the body of the tree. Trees that had 

 been pruned back severely were rather tardy in beginning growth in the spring. 

 When growth finally started, however, it was very vigorous and continued through- 

 out the season, some 6 to 9 ft. of new wood being made, which ripened up Avell during 

 the season. Old trees that were cut back to the ground leaving only a stump died 

 in many cases. Those that did sprout made an unsatisfactory growth. Trees pruned 

 back by cutting away ^ to ^ of the 1-year-old wood also made unsatisfactory growth, 

 but little better than where the trees were left unpruned entirely. 



The best results were secured in pruning back into the 2 to 4-year-old wood, the 

 severity of tlie cutting depending upon the age and vigor of the tree. It was observed 

 that trees with smooth, bright-looking bark sent out branches from their trunks more 



