HORTICULTUKE. 



41 



readily than those whose l)ark was^ thick, rougli, and dull C(jlored. There was prac- 

 tically no difference in the results obtained in cutting back the trees at different times 

 from just after the freezing until the leaves had made some growth. In the reju- 

 venation of orchards thus severely. i)rune<l, good cultivation to properly aerate the 

 soil in spring and to conserve moisture during the summer is advised. 



Olive growing- in Spain, J. G. Lay ( C7. S. Consular Bjjts., 72 {1903), No. 274, 

 pp. 422, 42o). — A brief account of the pickling of green olives in Spain, with some 

 statistics on the imports and exports of olive oil. 



Olives and olive oil in France, R. P. Skinner ( U. S. Consular Rpts., 72 {1903), 

 Xo. 274, pp- 4OS-422, figs. 3). — A rather detailed account of methods observed in 

 France in preserving olives, treatment of olive-oil cake, clarification and filtration 

 processes in olive-oil making, and the classification and uses of olive oil and cake. 

 The idea that any consideraljle (piantity of the olive oil imported into the United 

 States from France is adulterated with cotton-seed oil is believed to be erroneous. 



The mandarin orange group, H. H. Hume {Florida Sia. Bui. 66, pp. 571-394, 

 ph. ;.-'). — This study of tlie mandarin group of oranges contains a discussion of its 

 present horticultural status in Florida and an account of its origin, history, and 

 introduction into America, and scientific and common name. Descriptions are given 

 of 9 varieties of these oranges, together with physical and chemical analyses of the 

 6 varieties commonly cultivated in Florida. The mandarin orange is essentially a 

 fancy fruit. The variety Satsuma, which belongs to the group, is the hardiest known 

 variety of oranges. According to the author the mandarin oranges had their origin 

 in Cochin China. They were introduced into England about 1805 and into America 

 at New Orleans between 1840 and 1850. The group is referred to the sjiecies Citrus 

 nohilts. The fruiting period of the different varieties in Florida extends from October 

 to the last of April. The most important sorts, noted in the order of fruiting, are 

 Satsuma, China, Dancy, Oneco, and King. The author's estimation of the different 

 varieties is as follows: 



"Satsuma, China, and Dancy are well worthy of cultivation, but Satsuma is not 

 recommended for planting in the extreme southern end of the State, and Dancy 

 brings more money in most markets than China. Oneco is a variety of very fine 

 quality, and if its bearing capacity equals its quality it will indeed jirove a valuable 

 acquisition. King has some excellent qualities and brings a good itr'ice in its 

 season. . . . Cleopatra and Kino Kuni are worthy of cultivation only as ornamentals. 

 Mikado is in no wise superior to Satsuma, which it closely resembles, and it is not 

 so nearly seedless. Beauty, a variety of merit but untried, is recommended for 

 trial. It is one of the best varieties grown in Queensland, Australia." 



The physical and chemical analyses of 6 varieties are shown in the following table: 



I'liysical and chemical analyses of mandarin oranges. 



Varieties. 



Sat'^nnia . 

 Ohina ... 

 Dancy ... 



Oneeo . .. 

 Clfiipatra 

 King . . . . 



Aver- 

 age 

 weight. 



Ounces. 

 4.35 

 4.96 

 3.70 

 6. Zi 

 2.25 

 8.04 



Seeds. ' Pulp. 



Per ct. 

 0.0 

 3.6 

 2.0 

 2.0 

 4.3 

 2.3 



Per ct. 

 76.2 

 75.0 

 79.4 

 73.4 

 58.4 

 57.6 



Riiul. 



Per ct. 

 23.8 

 21.4 

 18.6 

 24.6 

 37.3 

 40.1 



Acid 



in 

 juice. 



Per ct. 

 1.019 



.838 



.884 



.807 



1.564 



1.564 



Total 

 sugar. 



Per ct. 

 7.80 

 7.49 

 9.51 

 9.48 

 7.20 

 8.95 



Total 

 potash 



Per cl. 



0. 2121 

 .2576 

 .1903 

 .2732 

 .3199 

 .2791 



Total 

 phos- 

 phoric 

 acid. 



Per et. 



0. 0386 

 .0758 

 .0591 

 . 0573 

 . 0529 

 .0531 



Total 

 nitro- 

 gen. 



Per ct. 

 0. 1661 

 .1404 

 .1500 

 . 1653 

 .1639 

 .1506 



The largest percentages of phosphoric acid, potash, and nitrogen were found in the 

 pulp of the fruit. The rind contained less than the pulp and the seed le.ss than the 

 rind. Estimates l)ased on the above analyses are given for the amounts of fertilizer 



