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ENTOMOLOGY. 61 



greatei- cost of the latter. A number of kinds of crude oil have been uped in the 

 We!::t Indies in combination with soaps. One formula which has been found to be 

 quite effective is as follows: 10 lbs. whale-oil soap, 51 pts. crude Barbados oil, 4 oz. 

 nai)hthaleiie. Kerosene emulsions were tested at the rate of 1 lb. to 10 gal. water 

 and were found effective against plant lice, mealy bugs, and the majority of scale 

 insects. 



Spraying calendar for 1903, C. F. Curtiss, H. C. Price, and H. E. Summers 

 {Ii))V(i Std. Sjirai/iiH/ Caleix'ar, 190S, pp. S, fig. 1). — This spraying calendar contains 

 a list of econonuc plants, with notes on pests which attack them and approved 

 remedies for controlling these pests. Fornuilas are also given for the preparation of 

 the more important fungicides and insecticides. 



Spraying' calendar, L. R. T.\ft and C. D. Smith {Michigan Sta. Spec. Bui. 19, 

 /bZro). —Formulas are given for the preparation of the more common insecticides and 

 fungicides and a short list of economic plants is presented, showing the more impor- 

 tant pests to which these plants are subjected, the remedies which should be applied, 

 and the time of application. 



Mosquitoes and other insects of the year 1902, R. H. Pettit [Michigan Sta. 

 Spec. Bill. 17, pp. ..'6, figs. ^6). — Representatives of the genera Culex, Anopheles, 

 P.>^orophora, Conchyliastes, and Urotfenia are found in Michigan. An experiment 

 was made on the college grounds in treating ponds with kerosene oil. The oil was 

 applied at the rate of 1 oz. for 15 sq. ft. of water l)y the use of a knapsack pump. 

 Applications were made at various intervals from April 26 to July 15. The season 

 was unusually wet and strong winds helped to blow other mosquitoes into the 

 grounds, so that the results of the experiment were left somewhat doubtful. Notes 

 are given on the numl)ers of larvae and pupai in a given area. The effect of the oil 

 persisted for about 3 weeks. A fungus belonging to the genus Entomophthora was 

 observed living parasitii- upon mostpiitoes. The same fungus was found also on a 

 fly and a species of Diplax. 



Notes are given on the habits and injuries caused l)y Lecanium longulum. This 

 scale was found to be parasitised by a fungus which is described as a new species, 

 under the name Isaria lecanifera. Notes are given on the growth of this fungus on 

 agar, potato, and corn meal. 



Brief notes are also presented on Pseudococcas acericola, periodical cicada, Angou- 

 inois grain moth, hickory-bark beetle, and Basilarchia artJiernis. The lajgt-named 

 insect is reported as injurious to young apple trees. Periodical ci(^ada was found to 

 be parasitised by the fungus MassosjMrra cicadiua. 



Mosquitoes and other insects of the year 1902, R. H. Pettit {Michigan Sta. 

 Bid. 204, i>p- 13-30, figx. 4)- — A popular edition of Special Bulletin 17 noted above. 



Mosquito extermination in practice, E. M. Bentley et al {Lawrence, L. I.: 

 Board of Health [1903], pp. 42, dgm. i).— The Board of Health of Lawrence, L. I., 

 has undertaken the problem of destroying the mosquitoes in the vicinity of the town. 

 The destruction of fresh-water mosquitoes was found to be very simple, while much 

 more trouble was experienced in fighting the salt-water mosquito {Cule.c sollicitans). 

 The use of oil or drainage of pools was found to be quite efficient in destroying the 

 fresh-water mosquitoes. The observations made in Lawrence indicate that ( '. sollici- 

 taiiH may deposit eggs not in water but on mud at the roots of grasses. Another 

 imjjortant fact was determined, viz, that this mostjuito does not breed in places 

 where the daily tides enter freely. Two plans were followed in fighting these 

 mosquitoes — the use of petroleum on breeding pools, and ditches. The petroleum 

 method was found to be too expensive, although quite effective. During the season 

 about 6 nnles of shore line was treated by the ditching method. During the progress 

 of this work about 20 miles of ditches were made at a cost of about $1,700. The 

 results were very encouraging. Brief notes are given on breeding of mosquitoes in 



