VETERINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 79 



room as during 4 montlis in cold tutorage. A fuller report is jjnmiifeied upon the 

 completion of the studies. 



Annual reports of the dairymen's associations of the Province of Ontario, 

 1902 [Ontarii) Dairyinen'ff Axsoctt. Rpls., pp. kl^4). — x\mong the large number of 

 subjects dis(!ussed at the two meetings held, mention may be made of the following: 

 Cheese Making, by G. G. Publow, G. II. Barr, and others; Injurious Flavors in 

 Cheese, by F. C. Harrison; Organized Effort for the Promotion of the Daily Indus- 

 try in the United States, by II. E. Alvord; Cool Curing of Cheese, by J. A. Ruddick 

 and R. M. Ballantyne; Rennet, Hot Iron, and Acidimeter Tests in Cheese Making, 

 by H. II. Dean; Butter Making, by H. H. Dean, A. Smith, W. Waddell, J. W. Hart, 

 and others; Work of the Experimental Farms, by W. Saunders; Bacteriology in 

 Relation to Dairying, by W. T. Connell; Analysis of Cheese, by T. Macfarlane; 

 Transportation of Dairy Products, l)y J. W. Robertson; Government Relations to 

 the Dairy Industry in the United States, l)y H. E. Alvord; Ontario Agriculture, 

 Past and Present, by C. C. James; and Water Content of Canadian Creamery P>utter, 

 by F. T. Shutt. 



VETERINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 



Experimental studies on bacterial antagonism, A. Lode {C'enthl. Baki. u. Par., 

 1. Aht., S.i [1903), No. 3, Orig., pp. 196-308, figs. 8). — Attention is called to the evident 

 antagonism between different bacteria, as thus far observed in cultures by various 

 investigators. A similar antagonism was found to exist between the filtered meta- 

 bolic products of these bacteria. The active principles in this antagonism may be 

 utilized. Detailed notes-are given on the behavior of antagonistic bacteria when 

 cultivated close together on the same medium. Experiments were made on the 

 animals to determine whether the metabolic products of bacteria could l)e utilized 

 for curative or preventive purposes. These experiments were made on mice and 

 gave entirely negative results, so that little is expected from this method. 



Some observations on the protective bodies and on their relation to bac- 

 terial virulence, E. W. A. Walker (Cnitbl. Bakt. u. rat:, 1. Aht., 33 {1903), No. 4, 

 Orig., pp. 297-311) . — The author's experiments were chiefly confined to rabbits and 

 the organism used was the typhoid bacillus. It was found that the amount of the 

 complement- present in the serum varies from hour to hour after the blood is shed 

 and suddenly increases during the first few hours if the serum is left in contact with 

 the blood clot. The complement does not belong so strictly to a given species of 

 animal, but the deficiency may be made good by means of a complement from 

 another species. The virulence of a bacillus was found to be increased liy passage 

 through l>acteriolytic fluids in vitro. 



The mechanism of agglutination, A. Joos {Ztschr. Hyg. u. Infectionskrank., 40 

 {1903), jVo. 2, pp. 203-230). — The results of investigations reported in this article may 

 ~ be summarized as follows: The agglutinable substance when mixed with the agglu- 

 tinating substance cond)ines with the latter without any macroscopic or microscopic 

 alteration by which the oi)eration can be detected. Micro-organisms which are 

 modified in this way remain free and motile. Agglutination innnediately results, 

 however, if a trace of salt is added. The volume of the precipitate obtained stands 

 in stri(;t relation with the (juantity of salt and serum added to the mixture. The 

 function of the salt, therefore, is not a passive one; it actively assists in forming a 

 combination between the agglutinable and agglutinating substances. A characteristic 

 agglutination may be obtained in a fluid free from salt, provided that the bacteria 

 contain salt. It was found during these experiments that the same results might be 

 obtained from the use of a considerable variety of salts in addition to sodium chlorid. 



Introduction to serum diagnosis, E. Marx {ZturJir. Thierined., 6 {1902), Xo. 5-6, 

 pp. 388-418), — A general account of the various bodies which have been obtained 



