AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 117 



bacilli occurred in the liver tissues. The lung-s were affected in onl\" 

 one case. The tubercles in the liver were caseous, small, easily- sepa- 

 rable, and f requentl}' occurred in two distinct crops. Tu])ercles were 

 also observed in the walls of the intestines and on the mesenteries. In 

 a second form of the disease a cellular infiltration was observed. The 

 bones were affected in one case only. Among IT cases carefully 

 examined, the liver was affected in 13. The bacilli were exceedingly 

 numerous in all lesions, and greatly resemliled those of human and 

 bovine origin. Considera])le differences were observed in the growth 

 and morpholog}^ of these organisms on different culture media. Diffi- 

 culty was experienced in making cultures from infected tissues. 

 Inoculation experiments with guinea pigs and fowls gave no positive 

 results. The disease was easil}^ mistaken from its symptoms for 

 infestation with air-sac mites, and other troubles. The tuberculin test 

 was applied l)ut without very satisfactory results on account of the 

 normal variation in the temperature of birds. 



C. H. Higgins gave a brief report on anthrax and blackleg, including 

 a historical account of ])oth diseases, and mention of svniptoms in 

 detail. Attention was called to the differential diagnosis of these 

 diseases. It w^as urged that in cases of anthrax an au.topsy is danger- 

 ous and usually to be avoided. The carcass should usually be buried. 

 Notes were given on serum therapy and biological laboratories for the 

 maiuifacture of this product. A. S. Wheeler in the discussion of this 

 paper stated that he had had no ])ad results in 1,000 cases of inocu- 

 lation for anthrax in Louisiana. Y. A. Moore referred to many 

 difficulties which he had experienced in thi^ microscopic diagnosis of 

 anthrax. 



J. G. Rutherford presented a report on the uses of mallein in deal- 

 ing with glanders. Glanders was said to be (juite prevalent in the 

 Northwest Territories and Manitoba. Good results have been o])tained, 

 however, from the Government control of this disease. Fresh out- 

 ]»reaks naturally occur from time to time, due largely to importation 

 from other Canadian provinces or from the United States. In some 

 cases mallein appeared to exercise a curative effect. The usual method 

 of ])rocedure in th(^ control of glandei's in Canada is as follows: When 

 the disease is reported clinical cases are destroyed without the mallein 

 test, while the exposed horses are tested. Reactors without clinical 

 symptoms are then isolated and such horses are branded with " E. R." 

 on the hoof. These animals are retested at the end of 4<» days, after 

 which those which do not react are not so close h' guarded. The third 

 test is made after OO days, at which time those that react are killed. 

 No indenmity is paid for an}- glanderous animals. As a rule horses 

 are not killed if improvement is noted during the period of quarantine. 

 After 00 days, reactors are killed while nonreactors ar(^ considered 

 comparatively safe. Lesions are always found in i-(^a»'ti?io- horses. 



