HORTICULTURE. 149 



Dei'p-fnrrow irrigation i.'^ advocated for orchards, and a. dia.irnuii is given sliowing 

 how thissliould )k' carric<l t)ut and th(^ extent of pcrctylation of irrigation water in 

 clay, loam, and sandy soils from deep and shallow furrows. On samly-loam soil it is 

 stated that the irrigation furrows should not 1k' more than 4 ft. ajmrt, \\hileon 

 lighter soils 3 ft. apart is better. Apples have i)roved unsuited to the district. Six 

 varieties appear to be absolutely blight proof. These are Early Ripe, Jonathan, 

 Skinner Seedling, Smith Cider, Rhode Island, and White Astrachan. Peara do 

 poorlv. Of a large number of varieties of plums planted in 1891, only 14 varieties 

 have proved worthy of retention. The best of these is Wickson. Almonds are of 

 medium quality, Ijut have borne only 2 good crops in 7 years. Cherries are a failure. 

 Figs grow well at the substation but are practically a failure on amount of "fig-sour." 

 The most promising varieties of j^eaches are southern types. Some notes are given 

 on the relative effects of frosts on a large number of olives. Oranges and lemons 

 are reported as doing well. Notes are given on the relative yields of a number of 

 varieties. Thick-skinned varieties have been least injured by frosts. The results 

 secured with a large number of grapes grafted on different resistant stocks are 

 tabulated. 



Fruits, veg-etables, flowers, and ornamental plants at the experimental 

 farms in Canada, W. T. ]\lACorx, W. S. Blaik, S. A. Bei:)ford, A. ]\I.\ckay, and T. A. 

 Sharpe {Canada Expt. Farms Rptn. 1902, pp. 91-110, 120-122, 124-12S, 264-277, 30S-306, 

 308-317, 339-349, 373-388, i^li^. «').— Reports in continuation of those previously noted 

 (E. S. R., 14, p. 144) are given on the character, culture, and behavior under differ- 

 ent climatic and soil conditions of a large number of fruits, vegetables, flow'ers, and 

 ornamental plants grown at the experiment stations in Ottawa, Nova Scotia, Mani- 

 toba, Northwest Territories, and British Columbia. At the Central Station at 

 Ottawa, W. T. Macoun reports an average profit for 4 years of $121.38 for Wealthy 

 ai)ples set 10 ft. ai^art in the orchard each way. Twelve new seedling apples of 

 promise are described and 10 seedling jjlums given names. A list of the best spring 

 flowering perennials is also given. S. A. Bedford describes several species of crabs 

 and eiab-apple seedlings that are most promising in Manitoba. 



Horticultural department, R. W. Fisiiek [Montana Sta. Rpt. 1902, pp. 88-95). — 

 An outline of the work of the horticultural department during the year with f(_)rest 

 and ornamental trees, orchard trees, small fruits, and garden crops. A report on 

 the hardiness of a number of deciduous and evergreen trees which have been grown 

 at the station shows that the elm, oak, white birch, mountain ash, European larch, 

 and the white and green ash are among the hardiest deciduous trees, while among 

 the hardy evergreens are Colorado blue spruce, white fir, red cedar, mountain pine, 

 Douglas spruce, and arbor vitic. 



Of the 64 varieties of apples set in the station orchard in 1895, only 26 are now 

 alive, and of this numlier only about 8 are worth growing. These are Wealthy, 

 Yellow Transparent, Duchess of Oldenberg, Okabena, Hibernal, Tetofsky, Longfield, 

 and Gideon. Eight of the 10 varieties of crab apples set in 1895 are now alive, and 

 of these the best are W'hitney No. 20, Transcendent, Greenwood, Hyslop, and Orange. 

 Out of 30 varieties of plums planted only 2, Moldavka and Yellow A^eronesch, are 

 recommended. Three out of 14 varieties of cherries set are now alive. These are 

 Sklanka, Griotte du Nord, and Bessarabian. Flennsh Beauty is the only pear whicli 

 sur\ ived out of 16 varieties planted. 



Raspberries have been successfully grown at the station when laid down and cov- 

 ered with dirt or straw in the fall for winter protection. Currants have proved one 

 of the easiest crops to grow, being ])erfectly hardy. Variety tests are noted for string 

 beans, beets, cabbage, and celery. 



Report of the assistant in horticulture, A. T. Jordan {New Jersey Stcts. Rpt. 

 1902, pp. 245-290). — The work of the station to determine the relative effects of dif- 

 ferent fertilizers, with and without irrigation, on the early and total yield of varieties 



