Ifi4 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



of the winter :ui<l early in sprinir, lu'fore tlie buds open, with a 2 per cent lionleanx 

 mixture. The <i:ronnd beneath and aroiuKl tiie diseaged trees should be strewn 

 quite thickly with lime. — f. \v. woll. 



Crown gall, G. C. Butz {Pennsylvania Sla. Rpt. 1902, pp. 405-414, ]il- /).— The 

 distribution of the crown gall in Pennsylvania is indicated, and the author states 

 that from 20 to 80 per cent of trees in orchards are frequently affected by this 

 disease. It is said to have first made its appearance about 10 years ago on nursery 

 stock brought from a western nursery, and seems to most seriously affect apples, 

 peaches, and similar stock. The cause of this disease, which has been described 

 in Arizona Bui. 38 (E. S. R., 12, p. 458), is attributed to the fungus Dendrophugus 

 globosus. 



Under the author's directions experiments with nursery stock were carried on 

 with apple trees to test the efficiency of various treatments for the prevention of 

 crown gall. Healthy trees set in infected lands developed the disease within a year 

 or more. Where healthy trees were planted in infected land and finely powdered 

 sulphate of copper distributed about the roots, no galls were found, but most of the 

 trees had died as the result of a serious drought, and those remaining were so few 

 in number as not to permit of any generalization regarding the efficiency of this 

 treatment. Sulphur used in the same way had no effect in retarding the disease. 

 "When the roots of the trees were dipped in Bordeaux mixture there appeared to be 

 some retarding of the development of the galls. Where the galls were cut from the 

 young trees and the trees subsequently planted in clean lands, after a season or two 

 the galls developed, showing that this treatment was of little value except in that it 

 delayed the development of the disease. Cutting out the galls and dipping the trees 

 in Bordeaux mixture, after which the trees were planted in clean soil, did not pre- 

 vent the redevelopment of a fungus growth. 



In conclusion, the author states that the disease is not strictly coniined to the 

 crown of the root system, l)ut may develop on the stronger roots a toot or more from 

 the crown. Some investigators, however, consider the galls formed at some distance 

 from the crown as different from the crown gall, Ijut the author believes that they 

 are different manifestations of the same trouble. A list of trees is given upon which 

 crown gall has been found, and while experiments have shown that the organism 

 mentioned above was responsible for the production of galls on the almond, apricot, 

 and peach, it has not been demonstrated that the same organism occurs in the crown 

 galls upon apples, pears, plums, prunes, cherries, raspberries, grapes, English 

 walnuts, and i-hestnuts. 



Studies on the white rot of grapes, G. Istvanffi {Ann. L' Inst. Cenlr. AmpeloL, 

 Boy. Hongroh, 2 {1902), pp. 288, pis. 24, figs. 12) .—A monographic study is given of 

 Coniothyrlum diplodieUd, the fungus which is the cause of the white rot of grapes. 

 After giving an historical review of the literature, the author describes the occurrence 

 of the fungus in Hungary in 1901 and the following year. The effect produced upon 

 the different parts of the grape, nearly all of which are subject to attack, are fully 

 described. The fuiagus is described at length and the results of culture experiments 

 are given. Numerous inoculations were made, different organs of the plant being 

 successfully infected. The effect of fungicides upon the organism is discus.sed and 

 preventive treatments recommended. According to the author, there are different 

 forms of the fungus which attack different species of grapes as well as upon different 

 parts of the vine, and specific names have been given them. Upon Vitis vinifera is 

 found Coniothyrmm diplodiella upon the fruit, young shoots, and leaves; C. msitivum 

 on the canes, and C. ritis on the dying branches. On the leaves of Vitis berlandieri, 

 V. cinerea, and other American species of grapes C. berlandieri is found. Accompany- 

 ing the white rot are said to be a number of other fungi. Among those described are 

 Colletotrichnm vitis n. sp., Botrytis cinerea, Pestalozzia uvicola, Cytospora ampelina, 

 various sj^ecies of Capnodium, Verticillum, etc. 



