ANIMAL PKODUCTION. 171 



Canadian bakers' strong flour, F. T. Smrr {('(tnadn Expt. Farms E pi ><. 1902, 

 pp. 160-16J ). — Analyt-e.'^ of 4 dimples of Hour are reporteil ami discussed. 



Micro-organisms of the fermentation of black bread, Bldixov ( Vyestnik Imp. 

 Russ. Obsli. Akkihitat. Zhtr. i Hast. Bakt. Agron. Stantz., Xo. 9, pp. 17-35; abs. in 

 ZJiur. Opuitn. Agron. {_Jour. E.rpt. Landiv.}, 4 {1903), No. 1, p. 116). — The author 

 studied the yeasts present in 2 samples of sour rye bread. Only one bacterium 

 [B. mesentericus panl viscosl II) was found to be common to both samples, but rejare- 

 seutatives of the following 3 groups of micro-organisms were identified : ( 1 ) Pepto- 

 nizing bacteria which turn the dough from thick to a more plastic state; (2) yeast 

 which cause the dough to rise; and (3) lactic or acetic bacteria on which the sour 

 taste and smell of the black bread depend. 



The cultivation of the isolated organisms on sterilized dough was unsuccessful, 

 owing to the difliculty of obtaining sterilized flour. It was found that the complete 

 sterilization of the flour required a half hour's heating in an autoclave under 2 atmos- 

 pheres pressure, but in this treatment the flour bakes together, darkens, acquires a 

 specific odor and becomes unsuited to the preparation of dough and the cultivation 

 of micro-organisms. The action of ether during 2 weeks does not sterilize the flour, 

 and while formaldehyde vapor apparently acts better, the experiments with this 

 have not been concluded. The author has begun the study of an anaerobic flora of 

 yeast preparations. — p. fieemax. 



ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 



Analyses of feeding stuflEs, E. F. L.\i)d {Xurth Dakota Sta. Rpt. 1903, pp. 21-27). — 

 Analyses are reported of hay from different sorts of millet, pigeon grass, red clover, 

 timothy, and brome grass; of fodder from corn planted at different thickness and on 

 different dates; of a number of varieties of millet seed and emmer, barley, corn, oats, 

 and the following forage crops: 3Iillet and oats, barley and oats, emmer, yellow 

 Canadian field peas, white Russian oats, lupine grass peas, field peas and oats, 

 3Ianshury barley, German millet, Japanese barnyard millet, and corn. Several varie- 

 ties of wheat, and a sample of macaroni wheat flour, were also analyzed, the gluten 

 and gliadin content being determined in addition to ordinary constituents. 



Cattle-feed inspection, J. B. Lindsey [Massackusciis Sta. Rpt. 1902, pp. 52-34). — 

 Notes are given on the extent of adulteration of feeding stuffs in the State during the 

 year, and mention is made of new feeds placed on the market. 



Fodders and feeding stuff's, F. T. Shutt {Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 1902, pj). 

 139-151) . — Analyses are reported of corn and clover silage, corn, clover, and sun- 

 flower silage, awnless Ijrome hay {Bromus inermis), fleld brome hay {Bromus arven- 

 si.'<), upland aild lowland hay, sedge hay {Spartlna juncea), barley, oil cake meal, 

 cocoanut cake, cotton-seed meal, gluten meals, corn oil cake, corn bran, wheat bran, 

 calf meal, and mixed cattle feeds. 



The author also analyzed a number of sanijiles of mangel-wurzels, Sweedish turnips 

 and sugar beets, reporting the average weight of root, dry matter and sugar in juice. 



Methods of steer feeding, G. C.AV.\tson and A. K. Risser {Pennsylvania Sta. Rpt. 

 I'lO:!, pp. 271-279). — In cooperation with the Pennsylvania State Department of Agri- 

 culture the comparative merits of fattening steers in pens and stalls was studied with 

 3 lots containing 5 animals each, the tests being a continuation of earlier work ( E. S. 

 R., 13, p. 880; 14, p. 684). After a preliminary period of 1 week the test began 

 November 14 and continued 10 weeks. Lot 1 was fed in a large stall equivalent to 

 5 small ones. The steers in lots 2 and 3 each occupied small stalls. Lots 1 and 2 

 were supplied with water by means of automatic watering Ijasins, while lot 3 was 

 watered in a yard. The average daily gain per steer was 1.99 lbs. for the lot fed in 

 large stalls and 1.49 and 1.52 lbs. for those fed in small stalls. Practically the same 

 amounts of hay and straw were consumed by the 3 lots, but the amount of grain eaten 



