180 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



temperature was 13.5°. Tlie miinber ol' rr\(ilutiuus per miuute i.s therel'ure .shown 

 to be an important factor in lmriiiii<r, a high number compensating to a certain 

 extent for a low temperature. 



Two cliurning experiments were made witli cream containing different jjercentages 

 of fat. The loss of fat in the buttermilk from ricli cream was greater than that in 

 the buttermilk from cream less concentrated. Taking into account, however, the 

 difference in the volume of milk furnishing the cream, the results are stated to be 

 more favorable to tlie rich cream. Less time was required in clmrning the rich 

 cream. When sweet cream was used the butter from rich cream was considered 

 superior in quality, but when ri^jened cream was churned the results were reversed. 



In churning experiments with sweet cream pasteurization increased the yield of 

 butter by increasing its water content, the loss of fat being, however, somewhat 

 greater than that from unpasteurized cream. Pasteurization notably decreased the 

 time required for churning. The butter from pasteurized cream was considered 

 better as regards (juality and keeping })roperties. Ripened cream as compared with 

 sweet cream chnrnecl more exhaustively and in less time. 



The percentage of water in Canadian creamery butter, F. T. Shutt {Canada 

 Expt, Farms lijHs. 190^\ pp. 164, 166). — This is a sunnnary of the report previously 

 noted (E. S. R., 14, p. 908). 



Execution of tlie dairy law, J. B. Lixdsey ( Maiisaclmsetts Sta. Rpt. 1902, pp. 54-56). — 

 Of the 2,344 pieces of glassware tested during 1902, 56 pieces or, 2.4 per cent, were 

 found incorrect. The limits of error allowed in testing are given. The inspection 

 of Babcock machines in 1901 showed 20 machines to be in good condition, 11 to be 

 in need of repairs, and 9 to be entirely unfit for satisfactory work. The inspection 

 in 1902, while not completed, showed a marked improvement. 



VETERINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 



Proceedings of the American Veterinary Medical Association for 1902 



{/St. Paul: Fioneev Fnxs Co., pp. 346, pi. 1, Jigs. 9). — The thirty-ninth meeting of the 

 association was held in Minneapolis, Minn., September 2-5, 1902. A number of 

 papers were read at the various sessions of the association. The majority of these 

 papers have already been noted (E. S. R., 14, pp. 200-202). The other papers will 

 be briefly referred to in this connection. 



The pathogenesis of equine pneumonic emphysema, A. H. Baker (pp. 155-158). — This 

 disease is said to be on the increase in both the eastern and western portions of the 

 country. The majority of cases are due to faulty dietetics. The results of the disease 

 may vary from slight injury to total uselessness of the horse. In the treatment of 

 the disease the author recommends that attention be given to securing clean hay and 

 grain. 



The care and Comfort of domestic animals under varying conditions, E. A. A. Grange 

 (pp. 206-211). — Attention is called to a number of unfavorable c-onditions to which 

 driving and draft horses are subjected through neglect. It is urged that trained veteri- 

 narians should undertake investigations on variou problems connected with the 

 proper care and protection of animals from rain and excessive cold or heat as well as 

 any other unfavorable conditions. 



Equine periodic opJdhahnia, M. Jacob (pp. 212-216). — The author made a study of 

 this disease with special reference to the extent of its distribution, the age at which 

 horses and mules are most frequently affected, the nature of the disease, and the line 

 of treatment. The disease was found to be most prevalent in April, and it is believed 

 that it is transmitted in the food, water, soil, and possibly in the air. This form of 

 opthalmia is most prevalent in Tennessee and Kentucky. It appears that the left 

 eye is more frequently affected than the right. The best results in treatment were 

 obtained from the use of Lugol's solution. 



