190 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



cows, and in not a sinjjle case did the milk prove to be virulent. The author states, 

 however, that in si)ite of the fact that all of these experiments and the majority of 

 those of other investijjators tend to show that the milk of tuberculous cows not 

 affected with the mammary form is not virulent, tul)ercle bacilli occur from time to 

 time in the milk of such cows. It is suggested that the chief means by which 

 tubercle bacilli gain entrance to milk is from uncleanliness in milking and from the 

 failure to detect mammary tuberculosis. 



Observations on abortion and tuberculosis in cattle, J. Nelson {Ne%v Jersey 

 Stuti. lipt. 190;?, }>j). 370-374)- — Notes are given on the temperature reactions and 

 post-mortem findings in a number of tuberculous cows which were slaughtered dur- 

 ing the year. Some of these animals had been subjected to 20 injections of tuber- 

 culin, but this treatment, while perhaps prolonging the course of tlie disease, did not 

 prevent its slow development. 



Do Koch's recent assertions justify a change of attitude toward bovine 

 tuberculosis? Dammann (Jahrb. Deal. Landw. GeselL, 17 [1902), pp. 34-44). — The 

 author reviews in a critical manner the literature relating to the controversy con- 

 cerning the unity or duality of the tubercle bacillus. It is concluded from this dis- 

 cussion that the dual nature of tubercle bacillus is not demonstrated and that 

 sanitary precautions should therefore be strictly observed in dealing with the meat 

 and milk of tuberculous animals. 



Remarks on Veszpremi's "Differences in virulence of diflFerent cultures of 

 tubercle bacilli," K. Vagedes {Centbl. Bakt. u. Par. 1. Aid., 33 (1903), Xo. 9, Orig., 

 pp. 679, 680). — A controversial article in which it is pointed out that while the results 

 claimed by the 2 investigators differ to some extent, they agree in indicating that 

 tubercle bacilli of different origin may exhibit considerable differences in virulence. 



The prospects for the prevention of Texas fever and the tsetse-fly disease, 

 R. Endlich {Tropenptlanzer, 6 {1902), No. 6, pp. 269-285). — The author presents a 

 brief critical account of the work thus far accomplished in connection with the study 

 and prevention of Texas fever in the United States and elsewhere. Notes are also 

 given on the work of Koch and other authors in the control of tsetse-fiy disease. 



The prevention of the tsetse-fly disease and its economic importance, 

 Schilling {Tropenpflanzer, 6 {1902), No. 12, pp. 616-625). — Attention was called to 

 the great need of draft oxen and horses in the Togo District of South Africa and to 

 the rudimentary condition of soil cultivation. The prevalence of the tsetse-fly dis- 

 ease is believed to be of great importance in determining the backward state of 

 agricultural science in that country and the problem of its eradication is shown to be 

 of great importance. 



Directions for using vaccine for the prevention of blackleg in cattle, L. L. 

 Lewis {Oklahoma Sta. Bui. 57, pp. 15,Ji(jK. 3). — The Oklahoma Station has been dis- 

 tributing vaccine to farmers for a number of years, the total number of doses being 

 about 278,000. The vaccine is distributed free upon application of any stock raiser. 

 Suggestions are given regarding the methods of vaccinating animals and a brief dis- 

 cussion is i^resented on the symptoms of blackleg. It has been found best to vacci- 

 nate young animals at least twice, and 3 times if they are vaccinated before 6 months 

 of age. Vaccination of young calves does not furnish protection for any great period. 



Notes on an outbreak of cattle plague in Shanghai and its limitation by 

 the gall immunization of Koch, A. Stanley {Jour. Hyg. \_Carahrldfje], 2 {1902), 

 No. 1, pp. 43-46). — An outl)reak of this disease occurred in Shanghai and spread 

 from herd to herd despite the efforts of the police to control it. It was therefore 

 resolved to apjily Koch's method of immunization with gall. Gall bladders of cattle 

 just dead of the disease were removed under antiseptic conditions and bile obtained 

 from them was inoculated into the dewlap of healthy cattle in doses of 20 cc. During 

 these experiments 68 cattle were injected with gall. In all, 11 of these animals died, 

 but only 1 under conditions which precluded an infection previous to the vaccina- 



