276 EX1»ERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



this number 57 were found to l)e infested to some extent by injurious insects or 

 diseases. The insect and fun^Mis pests which are considered most important in Mas- 

 sadnisetts are jj:ypsy moth, l)rown-tail moth, San Jose scale, Westlnchan peach scale, 

 peach yellows, pear blight, and black knot. As a rule infested stock was destroyed, 

 and little use has thus far been made of the alternative of fumigating such stock 

 rather than destroying it. 



Report of the committee on gypsy moth, insects, and birds, A. Pratt et ai-. 

 {MasKiichitKctl.s State ]id. Agr. lipl. 190.J, p]/. 205-27 1, jil. 1).—A brief account is given 

 of the present status and distribution of the gypsy moth, together with a discussif)n 

 of the depredations committed by the moth and the prospects of future damage from 

 this insect. During the past year a number of the large colonies have defoliated 

 considerable areas of trees and cause<l alarm in a nnndter of localities. 



Report on the work of the State entomologist for 1902, S. IjAmi>a {Meddel. 

 K. iMtidthr. Sti/r. [Stredcn'], 1003, No. 85,, pp. 60, fig. 1). — Notes are presented on the 

 insect outbreaks during the year throughout various jiarts of Sweden as reported by 

 various observers and correspondents. Ujion the whole, the insect outbreaks dur- 

 ing the year were less pronounced than during the preceding year. Considerable 

 injury was done to apple trees by Cheimatobia brurnafa and Illhernia defoliaria. A 

 brief account is presented of the injuries caused to cereals by cockchafers, wire- 

 worms, and frit fly. Notes are also given on pea weevil and a number of miscella- 

 neous insects injurious to garden vegetables and fruit trees. 



Notes and practical suggestions relative to combating animals injurious 

 to cultivated plants, G. del Guercio {Niiovc Ilelaz. R. Staz. Ent. Agr., 1. ser., 1903, 

 No. 5, pj). :?os, j)ls. 7, figs. S8).- — Descriptive, economic, and biological notes are pre- 

 sented on the more injurious insects of Italy, belonging to the following groups: 

 Thysanoptera, Thrips, and Lepidoptera. The more important sjjecies are described 

 in detail and notes are given on their habits, life history, food plants, natural ene- 

 mies, and artificial remedies. The majority of the species considered are illustrated. 



Injurious insects and other animals observed in Ireland during the year 

 1902, G. H. Carpenter {Econ. Proc. Roy. Dublin Sac, 1 (1903), IV, No. 9, jjp. 

 195-218, pils. 2, figs. 7). — Economic and biological notes are given on Hepiahis humuli, 

 crane flies, wheat-bulb fly, carrot fly, turnip fly, rose sawfly, Mediterranean flour 

 moth, Anohium domesficum, A. j:>aniceum, Oniseus ciseUus, Syagrius intrudens, etc. 



The Hessian fly in Ohio, C. E. Thorne {Ohio Sla. Bid. 136, pp. 24, pis. 2, figs. 

 10). — During the past season the damage from Hessian fly is said to have exceeded 

 that of any previous attack of this insect. Detailed notes are given on the previous 

 important outbreaks of Hessian fly in Ohio. From a consideration of these out- 

 breaks it appears that a warm autumn is favorable to the prevalence of the fly, but 

 that the rainfall has little effect upon its relative abundance. In general the cli- 

 matic conditions which favor the growth of wheat also favor the increase of the 

 Hessian fly. In a few instances continuous October frosts appeared lo check the 

 development of the Hessian fly. The liberal use of manure or fertilizers assisted in 

 some instances in saving wheat from total destruction. According to statistics 

 extending over a long period of years it appears that it is not safe to sow wheat 

 earlier than from September 23 to October 10, according to the latitude of different 

 pai'ts of the State. It is stated, however, that while it is possible to avoid injury 

 from the Hessian fly by late seeding, "in average seasons the risk of w^inter injury 

 to wheat sown sufficiently late to avoid the fly appears to be quite as great as the 

 risk from the fly." It is recommended that a part of the crop be sown moderately 

 early in order to determine wdiether the Hessian fly prevails to an unusual extent 

 during any particular season, or that several sowings be made a few days apart in 

 order to induce the insects to make their main attack upon the earlier sowing. 



Hessian fly in Missouri, J. M. Stedman (3//.s.so!(ri>S7rt. Bid. 62, pp. 131-149, figs. 6). — 

 The Hessian fly is found throughout Missouri and is considered to be second only to 



