362 experimj:nt station record. 



there was found Ml' ll>s. uf roots of criiiisou chiver, 27 ll)s. of red clover, 8 lbs. of 

 alfalfa, 1(3 lbs. of hairy vetch, 93 lbs. of cowpeas, and 39 lbs. of soy beans. These 

 figures show that with all these plants by far the greatest amount of roots is found 

 in the first 8 in. of soil. 



Some of the crops which have proved most satisfactory at the station are hairy 

 vetch, rye, crimson clover, alfalfa, and red and mammoth clovers. Other crops that 

 were used were cowhorn turnips, dwarf Essex rape, Egyptian clover (Berseem), 

 cowpeas, soy beans, velvet beans, Australian saltbush, and Canada field peas. 

 These were used alone and in various combinations. One of the best combinations 

 consisted of hairy vetch 40 lbs. and rye 30 lbs. per acre. The amount of seed to use 

 per acre for different crops in combinations is given by the author as follows: "Rye 

 1 to H l)u. ; cowhorn turnips 1 to 2 lbs.; dwarf Essex rape 8 to 10 lbs.; red, mam- 

 moth, or crimson clover 15 to 20 lbs. ; cowpeas 90 lbs. ; soy beans 90 ll)s. ; hairy vetch 

 40 to 50 lbs. ; alfalfa 30 lbs. ; hairy vetch 40 IIjs. and rye 30 lbs. ; hairy vetch 20 lbs. 

 and cowpeas or soy beans 45 lbs.; hairy vetch 20 lbs. and turnips 12 oz. ; hairy 

 vetch 20 lbs., crimson clover 8 lbs., and turnips 8 oz. ; hairy vetch 20 lbs. and red, 

 mammoth, or crimson clover 8 lbs.; turnips 8 oz., rye 20 lbs., and red, mammoth, 

 or crimson clover 4 lbs. ; turnips 12 oz. and crimson clover 8 lbs. ; turnips 12 oz. and 

 soy beans or cow peas 40 lbs.; dwarf Essex rape 4 lbs. and rye 1 bu. ; rape 4 lbs., 

 soy beans or cow peas 40 lbs., and rye 20 lbs.; alfalfa 15 lbs. and red, mammoth, or 

 crimson clover 7h lbs. 



"Many other combinations may be used successfully. The object should be to use 

 such a mixture of crops that a part, at least, shall live over winter. A few of the 

 combinations above contain all fall crops, and for that reason are not so desiraV)le as 

 though they contained a part of those that live through the winter and grow in the 

 spring." 



The soil moisture determinations made indicate that cultivated soils, during periods 

 of dry weather, contain considerably larger quantities of moisture than soils seeded 

 to cover crops, the variations ranging from 1 to 11 per cent in favor of the cultivated 

 areas in these experiments. 



The fertilization of apple blossoms, H. S. Peart {Canad. HorL, 26 {1903), No. 

 9, pp. 361-363). — The author covered a certain number of apple blossoms on trees 

 representing 29 different varieties with paper bags. Only 8 of the varieties produced 

 any fruit at all under the bags, and only 1 or 2 fruits developed from the covered 

 blossoms on any one tree. The varieties thus showing a certain amount of self- 

 fertility were Alexander, Baldwin, Chenango, Early Harvest, Greening, Holland, 

 Twenty Ounce, and Ontario. Only 8 of the remaining 21 varieties which bore no 

 fruit when self-fertilized under the paper bags are named in the account. These 

 are: Blenheim, Ben Davis, Canada Red, King, Mann, Fameuse, Spy, and Ri])ston. 



A discussion is given of the desirability of intermixing varieties in the orchard 

 which shall bloom at about the same period. It is stated that the Spy is in full 

 bloom at the same time as Ben Davis and Princess Louise. 



The grading- and packing of apples, M. A. McNeill {Canad. Ilort., 26 {1903), 

 No. 9, pp. 364-366). — A general discussion of this subject, dealing particularly with 

 the requirement of the Fruit Marks Act of the Dominion of Canada of 1901, which 

 designates the marks which must be used throughout the Dominion of Canada for 

 different grades of apples. Under this act apples of best quality are marked No. 1, 

 or XXX; second quality No. 2, or XX, and third quality No. 3, or X. The last two 

 grades of apples are not defined, but apples that are graded as No. 1 .must be well- 

 grown specimens of one variety, sound, of nearly uniform size, of good color for the 

 variety, of normal shaiJe, and not less than 90 per cent free from scab, worm holes, 

 bruises, and other defects, and properly packed. 



Investigations on the structure of the grape berry, A. Bonnet {Ann. tlcole 

 Nat. Agr. MontpeUier, n. ser., 3 {1903), No. 1, pp. 58-102, pis. 3, figs. 15).— This gives an 



