HORTICULTUEE. 365 



treatise on the culture of apples and pears and the inanufacturi> of cider and perry 

 from them. Statistics are given on the 2>roduction of cider, and notes on the history 

 of cider making. About one-third of the book is taken uj) with a discussion of the 

 proi)agation and culture of ajiples and pears and of the insects and diseases affecting 

 them. 



The remainder of the work, which deals with cider and perry, contains chapters 

 on washing fruit, extraction of the juices, fermentation and the use of pure yeast 

 cultures, sulphuring, clarification, and bottling of the manufactured products, the 

 utilization of sj^ecies of sorbus apples in cider making, pasteurization of cider, the 

 diseases and defects of ciders, and the methods of handling such products. Chapters 

 are also given on the manufacture of distilled spirits from cider, the production of 

 vinegar, the preservation of api)les and pears by drying, and the utilization of the 

 pomace of these fruits. 



Strawberry culture, P. Evans and F. W. Faurot {Missouri State Fruit Exp. Sta. 

 Bui. 7, pp. 14, I'ils- 9) . — This is a pojaular bulletin containing directions for the plant- 

 ing, selection, and cultivation of strawberries. The opinions of a number of growers 

 representing 16 counties in the Ozark region on the best varieties for home and com- 

 mercial use are tabulated. Sixty-nine per cent of the number replying recommend 

 planting the medium and late varieties, and 31 per cent recommend early varieties. 



Crawford's July report on strawberries, M. Crawford et al. {Jour. Columbus 

 Hort. Soc, IS {1903), No. 3, pp. 103-10:>). — Notes are given on a test of 55 varieties 

 of strawljerries. 



Paraguay tea (Yerba mate), F. W. Neger and L. Vanino {Der Paraguay-Thee 

 {Verba mate). Stuttgart: Fr. Grub, 1903, pp. 56, figs. 21). — A botanical account is 

 given of the various species of Ilex and other plants from which the tea yerba mate 

 is produced in Paraguay. A chemical account is given of Paraguay teas and of the 

 preparation and culture of mate and of its value from a commercial standpoint. A 

 bibliography of the subject, including papers written by 29 different authors, is 

 included. 



Tea, W. B. Marshall {Amer. Jour. Pharm., 75 {1903), No. 2, pp. 79-94).— k. 

 descriptive article summarizing information on the botany and culture of tea, its 

 preparation for the market, and related topics. 



The propagation of tropical fruit trees and other plants, G. W. Oliver 

 (K S. Dept. Agr., Bureau of Plant Industrg Bui. 46, pp. 26, pis. S). — Detailed direc- 

 tions are given for the propagation of mangoes, loquats, figs, tea, and Manila hemp. 

 It is stated that the mango grows to perfection over a large tract of land in southern 

 Florida. Tests of various methods of propagating this plant at the Department indi- 

 cate that the most satisfactory unions have been secured when bud wood taken from 

 branches from 1 to 6 years old has been used. As stocks, 2 to 3 year old seedlings 

 and moderate-sized trees are best. Stems at least an inch in thickness are desirable. 



Budding was most successful when a rectangular piece of bark, having a bud in 

 the center, was fitted into a section of the stock corresponding in shape and just a 

 little smaller. After fitting the bud patch in the bark a small quantity of grafting 

 wax should be smeared around the edges and then tied firmly in place with thick 

 strands of raffia. The inserted buds should then be shaded from the sun. Another 

 method is described, in which one end of the bud patch is pointed. 



Directions are given for raising seedling stocks, transplanting young seedlings, and 

 importing mango scions. A batch of mango scions was successfully forwarded to 

 the Department from Ceylon by covering the ends of the scions with collodion, 

 dipping the bud sticks in clay mud, and then packing in a small amount of moist 

 coir and shipping in cylindrical tin tubes. 



The (;ommon shield method of budding has been found most successful with the 

 loquat. With the fig a very successful method of propagation has been to prepare 

 the stock as in shield budding and then insert a small twig having 1 terminal and 2 



