380 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



))iir])lt', and arseiiitc of lead. Notes are alf^o triveii on tlic natnial enemies of tliecod- 

 lin;_' moth. 



Arsenical spraying" against codling moth, 1902-3, <i. <.2linn {Jour. A(jr. tmd 

 Ind. South Australia, 6 {1903), No. 12, pp. 717-736, firja. 5). — KxtenHive spraying 

 experiments with arsenical poisons have been conducted in various parts of Australia 

 by the fruit inspectors in combating codhng moth. Detailed notes are given by the 

 author on the conditions which prevail in different parts of Australia and on the 

 spraying apparatus used, and other points connected with spraying operations. At 

 the close of one test it was found that 10 per cent of the apples from trees sprayed 

 with Paris green were infested, 5.3 per cent from tliose sprayed with Kedzie's 

 formula, while 42.3 per cent of unsjjrayed trees were infested with codling moth. 

 The stock solution of Kedzie's arsenite of soda was used at the rate of 1 lb. in 40 gal. 

 limewater. 



Fruit fly, G. Buchanan {Jour. Dept. Agr. We.st Australia, 7 {1903), Xo. 2, pp. 109, 

 110) .—This insect is said to have increased in numbers greatly during the past 6 

 years. A test was made of the starving-out method in destroying this pest. For 

 this purpose the fruit was removed from the trees. As a result of this action it is 

 reported that the depredations from the fruit fly were greatly diminished during the 

 following season. 



San Jose scale, C. A. Keffer ( Tennessee Sta. Bui., Vol. A'TT, Xo. 2, pp. 23-32, fiys. 

 9). — This insect is said to be quite generall}' distributed throughout the State. The 

 pest is described in its various stages and notes are given on insecticide experiments. 

 These included testa of crude petroleum, lime, sulphur and salt, and lime, sulphur, 

 and caustic soda solutions. 



Crude petroleum was applied in a mechanical mixture with water in a 20 to 25 per 

 cent solution, and also in a 10 per cent solution. Considerable difiiculty was experi- 

 enced in securing a constant percentage of the oil by means of the ordinary spray 

 pumps, and in some instances the trees were injured or even killed outright. The oil 

 was sprayed upon apjjle, cherrj', peach, pear, and jilum trees. Peach trees were most 

 injured by applications of crude oil. In 1 experiment undiluted crude oil was 

 sprayed on a pear tree, with the result that the tree was killed. 



Lime-sulphur-salt wash, made according to the recommendations of Professor 

 Forbes, of the Illinois Station, and applied hot to cherry, peach, plum, pear, and 

 quince trees, was fully as effective as crude petroleum in destroying the San Jose scale, 

 although the effects were not manifested so quickly. The trees were, however, not 

 injured in any case. Frequent rains had no effect in removing the insecticide from 

 the trees and the mixture was found to adhere better than crude petroleum. The 

 lime, sulphur, and caustic soda solution proved to be equally effective with the lime, 

 sulphur, and salt solution, adhered quite as long to the trees, and w'as more easily 

 made, but somewhat more expensive. It is recommended for use on small orchards, 

 while the lime, sulphur, and salt solution is recommended for large commercial 

 ort'hards. 



The destruction of the woolly aphis {Jour. Agr. Frat., n. ser., 5 {1903), Xo. 

 23, p. 727). — A number of remedies which have been recommended for combating 

 this insect were tried without success. An experiment was then made in treating 

 infested apple trees with a light varnish mixed with a 5 to 10 per cent solution of 

 lysol. Infested parts of the tree were sprayed or painted with a brush. The varnish 

 W'as prepared with alcohol, and as soon as the alcohol had evaporated the insects 

 W'ei'e entrapped in the varnish and were destroyed by the action of the lysol. The 

 experiment is regarded as showing the practicability and effectiveness of this methcd. 



Hyponomeuta padella, S. G. de Laharpe {Jour. Agr. Prat., n. ser., 6 {1903), 

 Xo. 35, pp. 2S9, 290). — This insect is described and notes are given on its habits and 

 life history. The caterpillars are extremely voracious, and when occurring in large 

 numbers great damage is done to the foliage of apple trees. Considerable success 



