HORTICULTITRE. 473 



devoted to peaches in 1892 bein(>; 780 acres with a j^ielcl of 40,(50;^ bu., as compared 

 with an area of 3,616 acres and a yield of 312,174 \m. in 1902. 



Report of the fruit experiment stations of Ontario, L. Wolvektox kt al. 

 {Ontario Fruit E.rpt. Stas. Bpt. 1902, pp. 104, map 1, figs. 36). — A. further report is 

 given on the success or faikire of the orchard and small fruits grown at each of the 

 15 experiment fruit farms in Ontario. Descriptions and full-sized illustrations are 

 given for purpose of identification of several varieties of apples, blackberries, cher- 

 ries, grapes, peaches, pears, plums, and strawberries. The report also contains a 

 catalogue which shows in tabular form the values of the different varieties of 

 orchard and small fruits grown in Ontario, and their adaptability to the various 

 parts of the Province. The plan of the report is similar to those previously noted 

 (E. S. R., 14, p. 41). Japanese plums have proved very successful as far north as 

 Georgian Bay. 



Special methods of cultivation for special conditions, W. T. 3I.\coUN 

 [Ontario Fruit Groivers' Assoc. Rpt. 190£, pp. 56-59). — Notes are given on the good 

 results secured in the vicinity of Montreal by growing orchards in sod. This prac- 

 tice is considered very desirable in young bearing orchards in that vicinity, where 

 winter-killing of the roots is extremely likely unless protected by grass, sod, or some 

 clover crop. Some data are given on the yields and i^rofits obtained in planting 

 Wealthy apple trees 10 ft. apart each way. For the 4 years, 1899 to 1902, the 

 total receipts per acre were §940.15 and the expenses $454.62, leaving a net profit 

 of $485.53, or an average profit of $121.38 per year from this method of growing 

 Wealthy trees. 



An experiment in planting fruit trees too deep {Ber. K. LeJiranst. ITfen, 

 Obst u. Gartenbau, Geisenhrim, 1902, pp. SS-SS,fi(js. 3). — A number of different kinds 

 of fruit trees were set out to a normal depth; others were i)lanted 10, 15, 20, 30, and 

 40 cm. deeper than the normal, to see what effect this would have on the root 

 development of the trees. In general the size of the tree and the extent of the 

 root development decreased witli every increase in depth of planting Ijeyond the 

 normal. 



Apples and apple growing in Minnesota, S. B. Green (Minnesota Sla. Bui. 83, 

 pp. 31, ph. 49, figs. 7). — Bopular directions are given for the culture of apples in 

 Minnesota, including details as to methods of planting, protection of the trees from 

 sun scald, manuring, cultivation, and selection of hardy stocks, and descriptions of 

 67 varieties grown in the State. Half-tone illustrations are given of the whole and 

 halved apples of 55 varieties. 



The most successful varieties grown in Minnesota consist of a few Russian varieties 

 and seedlings of local origin. Some of the varieties recommended for planting are as 

 follows: Of the first degree of hardiness — Duchess, Hibernal, Charlamoff, and Pat- 

 ten Greening, and of the second degree — Wealthy, Longfield, Tetofsky, Malinda, 

 Okabena, and Peerless. The crabs and hybrids reconmiended for general cultivation 

 are Virginia, Martha, Whitney, Early Strawberry, Minnesota, Sweet Russet, Gideon 

 No. 6, Briar Sweet, Florence, and Transcendent. 



While seedlings of Pyrns baccata have i)roved most resistant to root killing they 

 are not entirely adapted to all varieties of cultivated apples. Hybrid crabs at pres- 

 ent form the most promising source for hardy stock. For the severest locations in 

 Minnesota and Manitoba it is believed to be a good plan to grow only hyl)rid crabs 

 and have theni grafted on pure Pyrus baccata. Root-grafted trees are believed to be 

 more hardy than top-grafted. 



In light, dry soils it is recommended that the trees be jjlanted 12 in. deeper than 

 they naturally grow in the nursery. On steep hillsides they should l)e planted deeper 

 yet, in some instances being set as deep as 20 in. or more, for the i>urpose of affording 



