r)44 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



riic averMiic waste was round to ])e 'Ji'A per cent. Another test with 

 (•are fully selected apples showed a waste of only 18 per cent. The per- 

 (•(Mitaoe of Avatcr was found to be highest in theV^est sann)lesof apples 

 (!H) per cent), Avhile it was 85 per cent in the second g-rad(> and 81 per 

 cent in cull apples. Apples were picked, l^eginning tiie middle of 

 September, and every week thereafter, until November. This test 

 was made on 10 varieties and the samples were stored in the cellar. 

 Neither the earliest nor the latest picked apples kept longest, and 

 apparently the best time for picking apples iii Ohio is about the middle 

 of October. 



In a discussion of the paper attention Avas called to the fact that this 

 work corroborated the work of this Department in storing apples, and 

 the further fact was brought out that some varieties must be picked 

 earh' in the morning in order to keep best. 



D. G. Fairchild presented a paper on Hop Culture in Europe. In 

 America male hop plants are numerous, while in Europe the male plants 

 are not tolerated in the hop field. It was argued that the variet}' of 

 hop is of more importance than the soil or climatic conditions. Lit- 

 •tle work has been done along this line, and the field of hop breeding 

 is therefore open. 



Various other papers presented before this society are noted else- 

 where. 



BOTANY. 



A large programme of botanical papers was presented before Section 

 G of the association, the Botanical Society of America, and other bod- 

 ies. B. T. Galloway gave an address as past-president of the Botanical 

 Society of America, on the subject of the Twentieth Century Botany. 

 The advances thus far made on the subject of botany were outlined in 

 a general manner, and special attention was given to a discussion of the 

 present requirements of the botanist and the problems to be solved in 

 the future. The speaker urged the consideration of botanical ques- 

 tions from a practical view-point, and stated that the doctrine of 

 science for science's sake is less applicable at present than in the past. 

 It was also argued that a successful scientist should be a practical man 

 of affairs, possessed of an abundance of common sense. The dangers 

 of too great specialization and consequent limitation of view were 

 pointed out. The speaker stated that important advances in the future 

 are to be expected in morphology, physiology, and pathology. 



J. H. Harris presented a paper on The Dehiscence of Anthers by 

 Apical Pores. Most plants which possess this character occur in 

 South America, there being 1,200 species in that country, and only 400 

 in the rest of the world. Its importance is not clearly understood, but 

 according to investigations thus far pursued it appears to be closely 

 correlated with the distribution of bees, and is therefore apparently 

 an arrangement to favor cross-fertilization by this method. 



