WATER SOILS. 563 



prioi' til l.S9t), have ])eeu but ^^liii'litly iiiodilied liy the additional five years' results, 

 the greater scope of the present volume being due to the more extended peri(jd of 

 observations and the increase in the number of stations." 



The characteristic pecuharities of climate which prevail in the northern, central, 

 and southern sections of the littoral, Mediterranean, and Andine divisions of the 

 Republic, whose climatic differences depend principally on their latitudinal situation 

 and elevation, are discussed and detailed data are given relating to temperature of 

 the air and soil, pressure, humidity of the air, evaporation, sunshine and clouds, 

 rainfall (inelnding rain, snow, hail, and thunderstorms), and wind. The principal 

 climatic features are charted. 



As would be expected of a region covering 33 degrees of latitude and a wide range 

 of altitude, there are great differences of climatic conditions in Argentine Republic. 

 Starting with a mean temperature of 23° C. on the eastern border of the intertropical 

 district (north of the Trojiic of Capricorn), the mean temperature-drops to less than 

 14° on the western border, the rainfall declining from 1,600 to 50 nun. In latitude 

 30 to 31°, 8 to 9° farther south, the eastern pampas region has a mean temperature 

 of 19° C, which rapidly falls as the slopes of the Cordilleras are ascended. At the 

 same time the rainfall declines from 1,000-1,200 t<:) less than 100 nun. Ten degrees 

 farther south there is little change from east to west, the mean temperature being 13 

 to 14° C, the rainfall 200 to 400 mm. At the extreme south, in latitude 55°, the 

 climate is rigorous. In Tierra del Fuego the mean summer temjjerature is 8 to 9° C, 

 the winter temperature 2 to 3°. Snow occurs during every month of the year and 

 rains are frequent. The mean annual precipitation of Staten Island is 1,400 mm., 

 although less than half as much falls in Tierra del Fuego. 



Agricultural climatolog'y, Gregoire and Vandervaeren {Bid. CercJe Etudes 

 Agron. [BraasfW], 190S, Xo. 8, pp. 355-359). — A plan for concerted observations on 

 this subject in Belgium is outlined. 



Rainfall observations in Australia from. 1881 to 1900, V. Raulin [Ann. 

 Snc. Mt'tfor. France, 51 {l.'i03), pj>. 121-134). 



A cheap and. simple rain gauge, S. F. Lundstrom (7v'. Ldiidt. Alctd. Ilandl. 

 och Tidskr., 42 {1903), No. 2, 2>p. 134, 135). 



The daily and. yearly periods of storms and hail in Steiermark, Karnten, 

 and Oberkrain, J. Hann {Meteor. Ztschr. [Vienna'], 20 {1903), jrp. 436-42S) . 



The harmonic analysis of the diurnal movement of the air over Hamburg, 

 J. Schneider {Meteor. Ztsclrr. [Mnina], 20 (1903), pp. 385-39S). 



Height of the atmosphere determined from the time of disappearance of 

 blue color of the sky after sunset, T. .7. J. See {Nature \_Londim'], OS {1903), N'o. 

 1770, p. 626). 



WATER— SOILS. 



The industrial uses of -water, H. de la Coux, trans, and rev. by A. Morris 

 {Neiv York: D. Van Nostraiul Co., 1903, rev., j)p. 364)- — Treats of the composition, 

 effects, and defects of water from an industrial standpoint — for use in boilers, dj^e, 

 print, and bleach works; in textile industries; soap works, laundries, tanning, paper- 

 making; photography; sugar-refining; making ices and beverages; cider making; 

 brewing; and distilling. Methods of purifying waters and correcting their defects 

 are described. 



Soil temperatures and vegetation, D. T. MacDougal {Mo. Weather Rev., 31 

 {1903), No. 8, pp. 375-379, figs. 7). — This is an account of experiments with an auto- 

 matic apparatus for determining soil temperatures, described in a ])revious immberof 

 the Record (E. S. R., 14, p. 125). The installation of the apparatus in the grounds 

 of the New York Botanical Gardens is described, and records obtained with it during 

 14 months are discussed. 



