(',04 EXPEEIMENT STATION EECORD. 



Studies were made of lecithin from various animal sources and other fatty acids 

 tlian stearic, palmitic, and oelic were identified, a fact which is not in accord with 

 c-ommonly accepted theories. The fat of the lecithin molecule, the authors believe, 

 has a different structure from that found in other animal fats and is constant, being 

 iudejH'ndcnt of tlie kind of animal or the character of the fat in the feed. 



Concerning' the formation and composition of chicken fat, A. Zaitsciikk 

 {Arrh. Fhysiol. lPjin'J<'r'\, 98 {I90S), No. 11-12, pj). 614-62^).— The effect of feeding 

 milk on the composition of chicken fat was studied, one hen being given maize and 

 milk and the other maize only. Cramming was resorted to in order that large 

 amounts might ])e eaten. The conclusion was drawn that feeding whole milk induced 

 the formation of a body fat which was similar to butter fat in composition except 

 that no volatile fatty acids were formed. The nitrogen, phosi)horic acid, and ash in 

 the llesh of the 2 hens were determined in addition to the fat. 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



Dairying' as a factor in the profitable utilization of farm lands, A. T. Neale 

 {Ddairare Sta. Kpt. 1902, pp. 7-39). — A brief description is given of the dairy herd 

 under observation and of its management. 



During the calendar year 1902, 13 cows were in the herd. The total yield of 10 

 cows of the herd was 39,987 lbs. of milk, containing on an average 4.9 per cent of 

 butter fat. At creamery prices for butter fat the income from this source amounted 

 to $;520.06. 



Five calves were sold for veal for $47.20, and 4 heifers were reserved for breeding 

 purposes, their value being placed at $41.25; 2 other calves died during an experi- 

 ment with a calf food. The skim milk was fed to pigs, the detailed data from the 

 experiment being given. An actual balance of $28.24 was credited to the skim milk. 

 Considerable explanations arp entered into concerning the small returns from this 

 source, and the feeding of the pigs is discussed at some length. The avoidable losses 

 and wastes in this experiment, amounting to $56.05, were attributed largely to the 

 failure to combine rational feeding with practical care and attention. 



The total income from the herd of 10 cows was therefore $636.82, the cost of pur- 

 chased feed was $91.80, and the cost of the 68 tons of silage produced and used for 

 this purpose was $101.75. Notes are given on the production of the silage. The 

 allowance for jiasturage of the cows was $53.62, and for labor and attendance $152.80. 

 The total expense for food and labor was therefore $399.97, to Avhich was added 

 $32.23 interest at 6 per cent on the capital invested. The net profit from the herd 

 during the year was $204.62, or $20.46 per head. The land used in pasturing the 

 herd was estimated as returning a net profit of $11.34 per acre, and that upon which 

 the silage crops were grown a net profit of $16.36 per acre. The nature of the cap- 

 ital involved is stated, the silo used is described, and the construction and value of 

 silos in general is discussed (see p. 623). 



Had the milk been sold to a condensed milk factory instead of to a creamery, the 

 skim milk being fed to heifers and pigs, the total income as estimated would have 

 been $622.93 in jjlace of the $636.82 which was received. Furthermore, had the 

 milk been sold to the wholesale market of Philadelphia, the income as estimated 

 would have been $618.74; the conclusion being drawn that under the conditions of 

 the experiment the creamery afforded the most satisfactory market. 



Investigations on the cattle of "Cowland," E. Fkank {Mitt. Landw. Inst, 

 rnir. Breslau, 2 {1903), No. 3, j)p. 511-558). — The region referred to is located in the 

 northern part of Austria, and includes portions of Moravia and Silesia. A descrip- 

 tion is given of the region and of the cattle, together with considerable data relating 

 to the different types of cows. 



Feeding experiments with linseed cake, K. H. M. van der Zanpe {Verdag 

 Ver. E.vploit. FroefzuivelbocrderiJ, Hoorn, 1902, pp. 14-^2). — Linseed cake having an 



