VETERINAKY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 615 



however, the organisms appear to l)e identical in these respects. It appears that 

 under natural conditions tuberculous infection in fowls takes place through the ali- 

 mentary tract. The avian tubercle bacillus is pathogenic to some extent for rabbits, 

 mice, and guinea pigs. In guinea pigs, however, the progress of the disease is quite 

 limited. The tubercle l)acilli obtained from fowls retain their original pathogenic 

 properties unchanged after passage through the body of mammals. In the authors' 

 experiments these organisms could be recognized readily after being cultivated in 

 guinea pigs and mice for a period of from 1 to 2 years. A typical culture of mam- 

 malian tubercle bacilli was obtained from the organs of a parrot affected with tuber- 

 culosis. The authors also succeeded in obtaining a typical culture of avian tubercle 

 bacilli from the caseified mesenteric glands of a pig, which otherwise showed no 

 symptoms of tuberculosis. Under natural conditions, therefore, the authors were 

 unable to find any tendency of the mammalian tubercle bacilli to become modified 

 into the avian form in the body of fowls, or of the avian bacillus to become modified 

 into the mammalian form in the body of mammals. 



Tuberculosis in cats, W. Lellmann {Berlin. Tierarztl. Wchnschr., 1903, No. 7, 

 pp. Ill, 112). — The author presents details concerning the symptoms and patho- 

 logical anatomy of 2 cases of tuberculosis in cats. An examination of the blood 

 showed a great diminution in the number of red blood corpuscles, so that the ratio 

 of red to white blood corj)uscles was 50:1. The mesenteric glands were enlarged 

 and innumerable small white tubercles were found in the spleen and liver. The 

 bronchial and mediastinal glands were also tuberculous and enlarged. 



Attenuation of the mammalian tubercle bacillus in cold-blooded animals, 

 H. Herzog {Centbl. JBakf. u. Par., 1. Abt, Orig., 34 {1903), Nos. 6, j)p. 535-539; 7, pp. 

 675-685, pi. 1). — The literature of this subject is reviewed in connection with a brief 

 bibliography. The author's experiments were made on frogs, fish, and other cold- 

 blooded animals. Detailed notes are given on the methods of cultivation of the 

 tubercle bacilli and the staining of affected tissue. 



The inoculation of guinea pigs with mannnalian tubercle bacilli after an extended 

 sojourn in the organism of cold-blooded animals indicated that the mammalian 

 tubercle bacillus preserves its virulence for at least 190 days when inoculated into 

 cold-blooded animals. It was apparent during these experiments that the guinea 

 pigs succumbed to reinfection by tubercle bacilli treated in this manner more slowly 

 than by bacilli taken freshly from infected mammals. Distinct lesions were produced 

 in cold-blooded animals by inoculation with bacilli of mammalian origin. 



A supplemental series of experiments was carried out for the purpose of determin- 

 ing the effect of a sojourn in cold-blooded animals upon bacilli obtained frojn tuber- 

 culous calves. Inoculation of guinea pigs was made after the bacilli had been allowed 

 to remain in frogs for periods of 62, 90, 140, and 191 days. These experiments also 

 showed that the guinea pigs succumbed to infection more slowly, the longer the 

 organism had been allowed to remain in frogs. 



The tubercle bacillus of the turtle; its culture, biology, and pathogenic 

 action, F. F. Friedmaxx {Centbl. Bali. u. Par., 1. Abt., Oruj., 34 {1903), Nos. 7, pp. 

 647-658; 8, pp. 793-804, pi- !)■ — Tubercle bacilli were isolated from cases of pulmo- 

 nary tuberculosis in turtles and pure cultures were readily obtained. The growth 

 and behavior of the organism on various culture media are described. The organ- 

 ism was found to grow luxuriantly at a temperature of 37° C, but some growth took 

 place at various temperatures ranging from zero to 43°. 



The bacillus obtained from turtles was readily distinguished from that obtained 

 from other cold-blooded animals by the appearance of the cultures, and especially 

 by its rapid growth at 37° C. Detailed notes are given on the morphology of this 

 organism and on the changes of form which take place in cultures of different ages. 

 A number of inoculation experiments were made on turtles of several species, snakes, 

 blind worms, lizards, frogs, carp, chickens, doves, dogs, rats, white mice, rabbits, 



