HORTICULTUEE. 675 



4, pp. 152-ln6). — The attempt to raise hardy varieties of fruit in the Upper Missis- 

 sippi Valley led to very extensive importations of Russian fruits by Professor Budd, 

 of the Iowa Agricultural College, in 1882. These fruits have heen tested now in dif- 

 ferent portions of the Northwest for more than 20 years, and the author gives an 

 estimate of tlieir value as a factor in horticulture in the Northwest. 



It is stated that in the southern part of Iowa and in the same latitude in adjoining 

 States, the Russian fruits have not proved as satisfactory as American varieties of 

 eastern origin; while in the northern part of Iowa and in southern Minnesota and 

 Dakota their introduction has proved a boon, since the Russian sorts are the only 

 varieties that will grow. One of the most important results of the introduction of 

 Russian fruits, however, has been in the impetus it has given to plant-breeding work, 

 in which the attempt has been made to combine the good qualities of the native 

 American fruits with the hardiness, thrift, and productiveness of the Russian fruits. 



Of the 100 or more varieties of Russian apples introduced by Professor Budd, only 

 a few have proved really valuable. Among the more important of these are Long 

 Field, 4nisim, Antonovka, Charlamoff, Hibernal, Tetofsky, and Liveland Raspberry; 

 and of the 50 varieties of cherries the valuable varieties are Sklanka, Duchess 

 d'Angouleme, Brussler Braune, and Spate Amarelle. 



In conclusion, it is stated that while the immediate results obtained from the intro- 

 duction of the Russian fruits has been far from what had l^een hoped, nevertheless 

 the experiment has paid for itself many times over, and it is believed that still greater 

 results will yet be obtained by the crossbreeding of the Russian and American fruits. 



Catalog-ue of fruits {Proc. Georgia State Hort. Soc, 27 (1903), pp. J- ATA'). —This 

 is a catalogue of all of the fruits and nuts grown in Georgia, with estimates as to their 

 value in different localities, season of ripening, etc. 



Victorian fruit in London, J. M. Sinclair {Jour. Bept. Agr. Victoria, 2 {1903), 

 No. 2, pp. 149-157). — This is an account of shipments of apples, pears, and grapes to 

 London in a number of different steamships, and the i^rices received for the fruits. 



Growing fruit trees in pots, VV. Turner {Amer. Agr., 72 {1903), No. 20, p. 403, 

 fig. 1). — The author has successfully grown in pots the following list of fruits: 

 Plums. — Golden Esperen, Jefferson, Denniston Superb, Green Gage, Grand Duke, 

 Mallard, The Czar, Early Transparent, and Pond Seedling. Pears. — Fertility, Mag- 

 nate, Conference, Princess, Souvenir du Congress, Louise Bonne de Jersey, Pitman- 

 ston. Duchess, Buerre Diel. Apples. — Williams Favorite, Ribston Pippin, Benoni, 

 Mother, King of the Pippins, Washington, Tompkins King, Belle de Pontoise, Bis- 

 marck, Gascoigne, Scarlet, Werner King, Peasgood Nonesuch, Lady Henniker, Bijou, 

 Thomas Rivers, Cox Pomona, Alexander. Figs. — Black Marseilles, Brown Turkey, 

 Early Violet, Negro Largo, White Marseilles. 



Self-sterility in fruits {Amer. Agr., 72 {1903), No. 26, p. 567).— The opinions of 



5. D. Willard, F. A. Waugh, and J. W. Kerr are here given on the matter of self- 

 sterility in Japan plums. Mr. Willard has found them self-fertile, with the exception 

 of October purple. Professor Waugh states that in his experiments with Japanese 

 plums he did not find a single variety which was reasonably self-fertile, and he looks 

 upon the mixing of varieties for the purpose of cross pollinating the flowers as a kind 

 of insurance rather than an absolute necessity in all cases. Mr. Kerr holds that 

 nearly all kinds of fruits are self-sterile in some localities, and that Japanese plums 

 are no more reliable in this respect than are apples, cherries, grapes, etc. Practically 

 every kind of fruit, in his experience, except perhaps the Kieffer pear, has proved 

 self-sterile when jirotracted rainfall prevails at blooming time. 



On the relation of moisture content to hardiness in apple twigs, F. T. Shutt 

 {Sep. from Proc. and Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 2. ser., 9 {1903-4), Sec. IV, pp. 149- 

 153). — Horticultural writers in recent years have urged the necessity of stopping cul- 

 tivation of orchards in late summer and the planting of some cover crop for the pur- 

 pose of withdrawing moisture from the soil and thus "ripening" up the wood to 



