HORTICULTURE. 677 



Graft hybrid between the pear and quince, L. Daniel (Jdrdui, 17 {1903), 

 No. 404, P- 372, figi^- o). — A nuiiil)er of pear trees grafted on quince stock were cut 

 back to near the ground. As a result, several shoots sprang up near the original 

 grafts. One of these shoots partook in a large measure of the combined outward 

 characters of both pear and (juince. This is described as a graft hyl)rid. Illustra- 

 tions are given of the leaves of the normal pear and quince and of the graft hybrid 

 thus obtained. 



Hybrid oranges from Louisiana, J. L. Normand {Amer. Gard., 34 {1903), No. 

 461, p. 669). — The author states that he has made crosses with Citrus trifoliata as fol- 

 lows: (1) Satsuma X Citrus trifoliata, (2) Mandarin X C. trifoliata, (3) Navel X 

 C. trifoliata, (4) Boone Early X C. trifoliata, and (5) Ponderosa X C. trifoliata. These 

 crosses have been made during the past 10 years, and a sample of each of the fruits 

 thus far obtained from the crosses was sent to American Gardening, which describes 

 them as follows: 



"The hybrid Ponderosa and C. trifoliata (5) is a fruit 3| by 3-4- in., partaking more 

 of the general apjiearance of the lemon than what is generally known as an orange. 

 It has an aroma like that of the grape fruit and is about the same in color, being a 

 pale greenish yellow and having a coarse-looking surface. The hybrid Navel and 

 trifoliata (3) gives us a fruit 2 by 2\ in. of a fine, deep golden yellow color, but with 

 a pungent odor. The Mandarin and trifoliata (2) recalls the Mandarin in size and 

 general appearance of the skin, as well as in odor. A cross of Boone Early and tri- 

 foliata (4) gives a typical richly colored sweet orange, 2| by 2h in., a very handsome 

 fruit. The hybrid Satsuma and trifoliata (1) is like a small-sized sweet orange, 2 by 

 2\ in. Compared with the Satsuma parent it is more rounded, the skin more tender, 

 and the color rather near the golden yellow." 



]\Ir. Normand also secured an early-fruiting variety of pecan by crossing the Loui- 

 siana thin-shell pecan and the French dwarf Preparturien walnut. 



On the budding of mangoes, T. J. Harris {Bui. Dept. Agr. Jamaica, 1 {1903), 

 No. 11, pp. 253-255). — A successful method of budding mangoes is described. The 

 essentials to be observed are as follows: 



"That both the stock and the tree yielding the buds be growing rapidly. That 

 the bud wood be a little larger in diameter than the stock to insure the area on the 

 under side of the actual bud being brought into close contact with the wood when 

 tied in; if the bud wood be less in diameter than the stock, a hollow space will occur 

 between these parts that should be closely applied; acting with this against success 

 is the thinness of the bark of the younger wood and the consequent impossibility of 

 tying in closely. That the bud be tied in tightly, especially at the points just below 

 and above the bud proper, but yet not tight enough to crush or bruise the bark. 

 That the piece of bark containing the bud be removed from the wood without bruis- 

 ing, bearing in mind that the bending will bruise or crush the cells of a plant. That 

 the moisture be retained in the bud during the time required to join ujj by using 

 tying material that will prevent evaporation, i. e., waxed tape. This is made by 

 dipping three-eighths in. tape into a melted mixture of 1 lb. beeswax, a piece of 

 resin the size of a hen's egg, and half a wineglass of raw linseed oil; scraping off the 

 superfluous wax with a dull knife after cooling. The bud wood should be near the 

 stock to insure no time being lost between the taking off of the bud and its insertion 

 in the stock." 



The bud wood used should be 4 to 6 seasons old and 1 to lo in. in diameter, and 

 in any case larger than the stock on which it is to be grafted. The piece of bark 

 containing the bud in the center is made about 3 in. long and three-fourths in. wide. 

 Large seedling trees may be cut off and the sprouts arising from the stump V)udded. 

 Not more than 3 sprouts should be allowed to grow to each stump. In jjlacing the 

 bud on the stock care should Ix^ taken to make a space large enough so that the bud 

 patch can be moved slightly from side to side and up and down. Union takes place 



