ENTOMOLOGY. . 695 



account of the oviposition of the insect, with notes on the number of eggs laid by 

 different females, habits of the larvaj and pupa?, and experimental work in control- 

 ling the pest. 



The remedies tested by the author included the destruction of the eggs, pulverizing 

 the soil and mounding, spraying with arsenical poisons, collecting the beetles, 

 destroying the pupa', spraying with kerosene enaulsion or crude ])etroleum, and 

 applying carbon bisulphid and calcium carbid to larva? in the soil. As a result of 

 the author's experiments and observations it is concluded that no one method can 

 he depended upon in controlling the pest. 



It is recommended that cultural operations be so planned that the earth may be 

 removed from about the base of the vines, or otherwise cultivated at the time when 

 the majority of the insects are in the pupal condition. These cultural operations in 

 conjunction with the collection of the beetles, especially by elaborate beetle-catchers 

 described by the author, and In' thorough spraying with some arsenical poison, 

 preferably arsenate of lead, afford a practical solution of the difhculty. 



Flea-beetles, R. Makes {Bid. Agr. Algirie et Tankie, 9 {1903), No. 20, jip. 429, 

 4-30). — Brief notes on the habits and means of combating the common flea-beetles, 

 especially that of the grape. 



Notes on Staphylinus olens and Eriocampa adumbrata, H. Faes {Chron. 

 Ayr. Canton ]'aud, 16 {1903), No. 21, pp. 599-604, fi'js. 3). — Staphylinus ulens is said 

 to feed to a large extent upon the insect pests of grapevines. Notes are also given 

 on the life history and habits of Eriocampa adumbrata. This insect is injurious to 

 various kinds of fruit trees, including the ajiple, pear, peach, cherry, and plum trees. 

 The larv;e of the insect can be destroyed by applications of lime, tobacco, sulphur, 

 pyrethrum, or soap suds. 



Insects afifecting- forest trees, E. P. Felt {New York State Forest, FixJi and Game 

 Onn. Jxpl. 1901, pp. 479-334, pis. 16, figs. 26). — The author discusses the habits, life 

 history, and means of combating a number of forest insects, including Dendroctonus 

 terebrans, Tomicns calligraplius, T. cacographus, T. jrini, T. cxlatus, pine sawyer, ambro- 

 sia beetlevS, white pine weevil, pine-bark chermes, pine-leaf miner, Polygraplms 

 rvfipennis, etc. 



The vertical distribution of forest insects in Switzerland, C. Keller {Mitt. 

 Schveiz. Centralanst. Forst. Versuclisw., 8 {1903), No. 1, pp. 3-80, jjIs. 10). — The 

 author discusses in detail the gall formations on deciduous and coniferous trees of 

 various sjiecies, and presents an account of injury to other parts of these trees by 

 noxious insects and vertebrates. Especial attention is given to the vertical distribu- 

 tion of the species discussed. 



The protection of wood and bark against the attack of insects by causing' 

 the absorption of their reserve starch, E. Mer {Mem. Soc. Nat. Agr. France, 14O 

 {1903), pp. 233-247). — In the author's experience not very satisfactory results have 

 been oljtained in protecting wood against insects by means of artificial insecticide 

 treatment. Since insects which attack wood and bark feed largely upon the reserve 

 fo' . material in these products, an attempt was made to cause the resorption of the 

 stai A\ by means of special treatment. 



It was found that the process of ringing trees at the upj^er jjart of the trunk I'aused 

 the gradual disapi)earance of the starch at all points below the ring. The starch was 

 transformed into other substances or was used up in the growtli of the cambium 

 layer. Wood thus deprived of its reserve starch was found to be well protected 

 against the attacks of species of Anobium and Lyctus. The disappearance of the 

 starch in the trunks of trees may also be brought about by cutting off the branches, 

 or by allowing the whole tree to remain upon the ground several months after felling. 

 According to the author's experience a peri(Ml of 5 or 6 months is sufficient to bring 

 about the almost total disap]iearance of the starch. 



Spraying with distillates, W. H. Volck {(.'alifornia Sla. J>nl. ir>3, pp. 31, 



