ENTOMOLOGY. 697 



The red spider of the ahnond proved to be inuch more resistant to insecticides 

 than that of the orange, and sulphid of potasli was tlierefore mixed with the sulphur 

 spray. The majority of the mites were killed by this treatment and the author 

 believes that the foliage can be saved, even in very advanced cases of injury from 

 mites. Contact insecticides proved to be less effective than sulphur. Of the contact 

 sprays, the distillates were most effective. Formulas are given for the preparati^JU of 

 sulphur sprays, with or without sulphid of potash. 



Directions for treatment of insect pests and plant diseases, E. D. Sander- 

 son and K. C (Jkeex ( Texas Stu. Circ. 3, folio, Jigs. 4)- — Brief notes on the important 

 insect and fungus diseases of A'arious cultivated plants. 



Insect enemies of books, C. Houlbert {Les insectes ennemis des livres. Paris: 

 Alfonse Picard it- Sons, 1903, pp. XXXVIII + 269, pis. 3, figs. 59) .—This volume con- 

 tains a general account of the various insects which injure books and the means for 

 combating them. A summary of the proceedings of a congress for the study of the 

 insect enemies of books held in Paris in August, 1900, is presented by II. Martin. 

 A bibliography of 94 titles relating to this subject is aloo given. 



The insects injurious to books are classified according to their systematic position, 

 and details are presented on the habits and life history of the various species. The 

 orders of insects concerned are Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Thysanura, Pseudoneurop- 

 tera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera. Certain species of mites are also regarded as 

 injurious to books. The remedies which have been applied in controlling these 

 insects are classified as mechanical, chemical, physical, and biological. The mechan- 

 ical remedies include the use of mechanical shock in destroying the insects, and also 

 direct search for insect jiests in books, shelves, and cases in libraries; in this group 

 of remedies the author also includes various species of traps, and the use of wood 

 and other materials especially liked by different species of insects and which may 

 be readily removed and destroyed after becoming infested. 



The chemical remedies include the use of odorous material, such as camphor, 

 naphthaline, benzine, essence of turpentine, tobacco, and aromatic plants, as well 

 as asphyxiating substances, such as sulphur dioxid, bisulphid of carbon, etc., and 

 toxic substances, such as alum, borax, pyrethrum, (}uassia, arsenic, and corrosive sub- 

 limate. Directions are given for applying these various chemical insecticides. The 

 physical remedies include the use of heat and cold. Cold may be used effectively in 

 getting rid of cockroaches, while many species of insects may be destroyed by sub- 

 jection to a high temperature, whit-h is harmless for books. Brief notes are also 

 given on the use of fungus and bacterial diseases and animal parasites in the destruc- 

 tion of insect enemies of books. 



Attention is called to special methods of construction and management of libraries 

 for the purpose of preventing infestation by insects. In some cases it is recom- 

 mended that the thread used in sewing books be treated with quassia or tobacco 

 decoction to prevent its being destroyed by insects. Anohium paniceum is considered 

 as the most injurious an<l most widely distributed insect pest of books. 



Concerning' mosquito migrations, J. B. Smith {Science, n. ser., IS {1903), No. 

 467, pp. 761-764)- — Several observations are recorded showing that Cidcv soUlcitans is 

 a migratory species and wanders long distances from the marshes where the larva? 

 have lived. This fact, in the author's opinion, must be taken into consideration in 

 adopting measures for the extermination of mosquitoes. 



Observations on the characters and habits of Anopheles mosquitoes and 

 their larvae, S. P. James {Sci. Mem. Med. and Sanit. Depts. India, ii. ser., 190xf, Xo. 2, 

 pp. 27-58, figs. 21 ) . — Descriptive notes are given on the anatomy and habits of various 

 species of Anopheles for the purj)ose of assisting in the differentiation of these sjiecies. 

 Special attention is given to the structures which are recognized as possessing value 

 in specific determination. The species of Anopheles found in India are classified 

 and an analytical table is presented to assist in their determination. 



Notes are given on the favorite breeding places of the larvie and on lish and other 



