ANIMAL PEODUCTION. 707 



or chop feeds; proprietary feeds; ]irovenders; beef scraps and bone meal, and condi- 

 mental feeds. The resuhs obtained are discussed and a niindjer of the feeding stuffs 

 are described. 



Condiniental feeds, the authors state, "are for the most part made up of ordinary 

 feeding stuffs, and contain drugs in very small quantities. The cost of these feeds 

 ranges from 5 to 50 cts. per pound, and when one considers the fact that the most 

 expensive of any of the drugs usually contained in them can be purchased for less 

 than 10 cts. per pound, it must be obvious that it would be cheaper for the user to 

 purchase the drugs as desired or necessary, and mix them with the ordinary feeding 

 stuffs." 



According to the authors, the inspection of feeding stuffs during the past winter 

 has brought to notice "a number of common adulterations. A few of these can l)e 

 readily detected by the purchaser if he will make a careful examination of the 

 material. 



''The usual adulterant of cotton-seed meal is the hull of the seed. This adulterant 

 was formerly easily distinguished by the black appearance, but now the hulls are 

 so finely ground together with waste cotton that they can be recognized only with 

 great difficulty. 



"Gluten feed has been sometimes sold as gluten meal. . . . 



"Gluten meal is a homogeneous, yellow, granular substance, and its general 

 appearance is quite different from that of the feed. 



"In one case dried distillers' grains were being sold as gluten meal. . . . 



"Distillers' grains are much darker than gluten feed, and for tlie reason that gluten 

 feed is made entirely of corn refuse, and the distillers' grains of a mixture of cereals, 

 the two can be distinguished by the barley hulls which are found in the distillers' 

 grains but not in the feed. 



"Some of the 'mixed feeds ' [which in Rhode Island should consist solely of pure 

 wheat bran and middlings] found upon the market have been found to be grossly 

 adulterated. 



"If coarsely ground, the hulls, corncob, etc., used in adulterating 'mixed feed' 

 may usually be detected by taking a small handful of the feed and spreading it in a 

 thin layer upon the palm of the hand. If finely ground, however, the corncob is 

 difficult to distinguish. If hulls are present, they will appear as small, shiny parti- 

 cles, much lighter in color than the brown particles of the bran. In this case care 

 must be taken not to confuse the germ of the wheat with the hull, for the germ is 

 one of the valuable parts of the feed. Its color is nearly like that of the hulls, its 

 high content of fat giving it a glossy appearance. The hulls, however, are hard and 

 not easily broken, but the germs are soft and can be split readily. 



"The other feeds which have been adulterated are by-products from starch and 

 hominy manufacture. These are sold under several names, such as choj^s, hominy, 

 chop feed, hominy feed, and hominy chops. 



"These feeds are adulterated with corncob and corn meal. The pure feed has a 

 smooth, slightly oily feeling when rubbed between the fingers, and if adulterated it 

 will feel more granular. Yellow corn meal can be detected by the yellow i)articles 

 of the kernel, which are not found in the pure feed. Corncob can not be so easily 

 detected." 



Analyses of commercial feeding' stuffs sold in Maryland, II. B. McDonnell 

 {Maryland Afjr. Col. Quart., 1003, No. 22, pp. 2-10). — In accordance with the State 

 feeding-stuff law, which is quoted, the protein and other extract were determined in 

 a number of samples of cjotton-seed meal, linseed meal and flax meal, gluten meal and 

 feed, hominj^ feed, corn oil-cake meal, mixed, commercial and proprietary feeds, 

 poultry feed, animal bone, meat ujeal, and similar products. A list of licensed feed- 

 ing stuffs is given. 



Beet diffusion residue and molasses, M. Schmoeger {Landw. Vers. Slat., 59 

 {190-3), No. 1-2, pp. 83-15-5, ji<js. 10). — The anatomical structure of beet tissue, the 



