722 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



author'H stinly >>i tlio .structure of the mucous membranes in young animals it is con- 

 flu<lo(l that this membrane in the stomach of new-born animals is comparatively 

 thin and increases in thickness as age advances. The mucous lining of the intestines, 

 on till' other hand, is about as thick in the young as in the adult animal. The 

 autiior descril)es the micro.scopic features of the mucous membrane in so far as they 

 arc related to the pcriiicahiUty of this meml^rane by tubercle bacilli. 



Combating tuberculosis, Is. von Behring {Berlin. Klin. Wchischr., //O {1903), 

 Xii. 11, ])]). 233-238). — The author descrilies his method of immunization by means of 

 attemiated cultures of tuben'le bacilli, and presents notes on the effect of repeated 

 injections of tu1)ercnlin in tuberculous animals. 



Pulmonary tuberculosis and means of combating this disease, E. vox Behr- 

 ing {Deut. Mid. Wchmchr., 29 {190S), No. 39, pp. 689-697).— The author discusses in 

 a general way the ordinary means of transmission of tuberculosis in both animals 

 and man, attributing the chief source of pulmonary tuberculosis in man to the milk 

 used during infancy, which is likewise believed to be the chief source of tuberculosis 

 in animals. 



It is suggested that a great improvement would l)e made in the sanitary control of 

 milk if it were ])asteurized at the point of production and before being sent to dis- 

 tributing centers. The resulting product would thus be obtained in a better condi- 

 tion, both for feeding calves and other young domesticated animals, and as food for 

 children. The author argues that the danger from feeding tuberculous milk to young 

 children or animals can not be exaggerated. The possibility of extending the immu- 

 nization processes devised by the author for cattle and man is also suggested. 



Vaccination against tuberculosis in cattle according to the method of E. 

 von Behring, (t. Regxek and O. Stexstrom {Meddel. K. Landihr. Stijr. \_Siveden], 

 1903, No. 88, pp. 36). — A detailed account is given of a method of immunization as 

 applied to cattle by E. von Behring in Marburg. The results thus far obtained 

 indicate that the method is practicable and satisfactory. 



Immunization against tuberculosis, F. Neufeld {Deut. Med. Wchnschr., 29 

 {1903), No. 37, pp. 653-656). — The author's experiments were made on 46 goats, 9 

 asses, and numerous cattle. The method of procedure was based on the assumption 

 of the nonidentity of human and bovine tuberculosis, the idea being to immunize 

 species of animals which are susceptible only to the one kind of virus, by a previous 

 treatment with the other kind. The general plan of immunization was to treat the 

 animals first with preparations of dead tubercle bacilli, then with increasing doses 

 of living cultures, first of human tul^erculosis and finally of bovine tuberculosis. 



The results show that it is possible to immunize goats, asses, and cattle by intra- 

 venous injections of living human tubercle bacilli so that these animals resist subse- 

 quent infection with doses of virulent bovine cultures which would be fatal to 

 untreated animals. 



The immunization of the organism against tuberculosis, E. Maragliano 

 {Berlin. Klin. Wchmchr., 40 {1903), Nos. 25, pp. 563-567; 26, pp. 593-596) .—The 

 author believes that in the process of agglutination by the serum of tuberculous 

 animals, substances present in the blood play an important role and exercise a 

 specific action upon the tubercle bacillus. The agglutinative action of the serum 

 of animals is therefore considered as a proof of resisting power on the part of the 

 animal. In addition to the substances which are normally present in the l)lood to 

 protect the animal against infection, new substances develop after infection with 

 pathogenic bacilli. 



The author describes a rrfimber of his experiments in immunization of animals 

 against tuberculosis, which it is stated were begun in 1895. He has succeeded in 

 immunizing cattle, horses, asses, goats, sheep, and dogs against tuberculosis. In one 

 case success was had in immunizing a rabbit against this disease. 8ome of the 

 animals have been under observation for 5 years and the immunization is believed to 



