HORTICULTURE. 775 



Home-grown grapes in winter, D. M. I'fv'S'^i^G {Country Life in America, 5 {1904), 

 Xii. //, ))]>. oO.'-.lo'i, .)'lS--iJl, Ji<jii. 10). — Detailed dii'ections are given for the construc- 

 tion and management of a small grapery in which to grow high-quality European 

 grai)es. 



Coffee, vanilla, cacao, and tea, G. Cornaillac {El cafe, la vainilla, el cacao y 

 el te. B'lrrdonu: Fraiicmv Sabater, 1903, pp. 4^0, figs. 86).- — A treatise on the culti- 

 vation, preparation, exportation, commercial classification, expenses and returns 

 obtained in the cultivation of these crops. 



A treatise on cacao (Theobroma cacao), F. E. Olivieri {Trinidad, British IT'esi 

 Indies: Mole Bros., 190S, 3. ed., pp. 101, pis. 31, dt/n). i).— The 20 chapters in this 

 book deal with the various phases of the botany and culture of cacao, including an 

 account of the insects and diseases affecting, fermentation, and the drying of the 

 crop. In discussing the value of various shade trees in cacao culture, special atten- 

 tion is called to the value of the immortelles for this purpose. 



Some experiments performed by Professor Carmody are noted, in which it is 

 shown by chemical analyses that the dry flowers of the 50 immortelle trees on an 

 acre furnished about 24 lbs. of nitrogen, while the 250 cacao trees, yielding 500 lbs. 

 of pure cacao, contained but about I25 lbs. of nitrogen per acre. Previous analyses 

 by the same investigator (E. 8. R., 13, p. 354) indicated that the amount of nitrogen 

 in the flowers rajndly diminished. This, however, has been found to be influenced 

 by the method of storing the samples, since when the flowers are spread out thinly 

 instead of in heaps no loss of nitrogen was observed, even when freely exposed for 

 several days to the air. 



The objection sometimes made by planters to this tree because of the loss of leaves 

 during the dry seasons is shown to be really an advantage, since with the decrease 

 in number of leaves on the trees at this time there is a corresponding decrease in the 

 amount of water evaporated from the soil. 



Indian tea; its culture and manufacture, C. Bald ( Calcutta: Tliacker, Spink & 

 Co., 1903, pp. 291, ph. 9,fiijs. 7, dijui. 1). — This work is intended as a text-book on 

 the cultivation and manufacture of Indian tea. It gives in extended detail directions 

 for the management of tea estates, including the operations of planting and manu- 

 facture, and also hints on buildings, machinery, forestry, accounts, etc. Various 

 insects and diseases affecting tea are also noted, with suggestions as to methods for 

 their control. The book is comprehensive, and appears to cover practically every 

 phase of the subject, except the chemistry of tea and the history, bibliography, and 

 statistics of tea. 



The Landolphia of French Congo yielding- caoutchouc {Sci. A)ner. Sup., 57 

 {1904), ^0. 1407, p. ..^3,oll). — This is an English translation of a paper by A. Cheva- 

 lier, given before the French Academy of Science. It contains a botanical ai-count 

 and descriptions of the species of Landolphia in French Congo which yield caoutchouc. 



Experiments with ether in the forcing- of lilacs, K. R.\de {Mailer's Deut. Gcirt. 

 yj'j-, 19 {1904), Xo. 5, pp. 50-52, fi(js. 3). — An account is given of the forcing of 

 Charles X and Marie Legraye lilac-s with and without etherization. Under like con- 

 ditions of temperature the etherized lilacs come into bloom considerably earlier than 

 the unetherized. The advantages of etherizing are briefly stated as follows: The 

 time required to bring the plants into bloom is lessened ; they can be forced at a lower 

 tenq)erature with less fuel, and conseipiently less expense; more leaves develop on 

 the etherized plants, which may be desirable in some cases. In these experiments 

 the temperature of the forcing room varied between 20 and 25° C. A temperature 

 lower than IS to 20° C. is not considered sufficiently high to give satisfactory results. 



Forcing etherized plants, A. Maltmene {Jardin, 18 {1904), No. 407, pp. 4^, 

 4-^) • — The details are given of several experiments in forcing lilacs, snowballs, and 

 Azalea mollis. In every instance with all these plants those which had been sub- 



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