808 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 



Report of dairy department, .). S. Muouk (Missis-sipj)! Na. Rpl. I'jOS, pp. 

 14-19). — A record is given of 9 cows for one your. The average yield was 5, 329 lbs. of 

 milk and 295.2 lbs. of butter fat. The cost of feed was $30.34, and the valueof butter, at 

 25 cts. per lb., $S(). 11. A comparison was made of Johnson grass hay and cotton- 

 seed hulls. The experiment included 2 lots of .'5 cows each and la.sted about 12 

 weeks. The results indicated that 15 lbs. of well cleaned cotton-seed hulls is ecjual 

 in feeding value to 10 ll)s. of prime Johnson grass hay. Data are given for an experi- 

 ment in feeding 3 calves on skim milk. 



C-reaming l)y the centrifugal separator and l)y the shallow pan system were com- 

 pared as regards the loss of fat in the skim milk. The average results of a number 

 of tests showed 0.078 per cent of fat in the skim milk from the centrifugal separator, 

 and 0.33 per cent from the shallow-pan system, the temperature in the latter case 

 ranging from fil to 69° F. It is stated that the results indicated a much smaller per- 

 centage of fat in the skim milk from the shallow-pan system than is usually claimed. 



The dairy industry in Denmark, II. dk Rothschild {L'hitlu.strie laltlere <m 

 Danemark. Paris: Odare Doln, 1904, PP- 100, pis. 33, figs. 5, map 1). — This report is 

 addressed to the Minister of Agriculture of Frani'e, under whose direction a study 

 was made of the feeding of cows, the production and sale of milk, and the manu- 

 facture of butter in Denmark, and is a clear, well illustrated exposition of the suljject. 



In part 1 of the report, dealing with the production of milk, the author describes 

 the breeds of dairy cows and considers stable hygiene, feeding, milking, instruction 

 in dairying, cooperative societies for the improvement of dairy herds by feeding and 

 breeding, and feeding experiments. In \)a.Y\ 2, on commerce in milk, descriptions 

 are given of the 2 jirincipal dairies supplying the i-ity of Copenhagen with milk. In 

 part 3, dealing with the manufacture and exportation of butter, descriptions are given 

 of a cooperative dairy and a cooperative butter factory; and dairy societies, control 

 of margarine and butter, Initter exhil)its, and exportation of butter are discussed. 



Butter-fat tests of thoroughbred cows, L. Anderson [Calif uniia Sla. Rpt. 

 1902-3, p. 119). — Data are given for oftii'ial 7-day tests of 3 Holstein cows. 



The Heg-elund or Danish method of milking compared with the ordinary 

 method, IIenkel [MiU-h Ztg., 33 {1904), ^Vos. 1, pp. 4-6; 2, pp. 19, 30).— The Ilege- 

 lund metliod of milking is described and several tests of the method are reported. 



One test lasting about 1 week was made in Bavaria with 37 cows. The cows were 

 first milked in the ordinary manner, except that unusual care was taken to secure 

 all the milk possible. They were then milked by the Hegelund method. The 

 average daily yield by the ordinary method was 7.16 kg. of milk, containing 3.(S5 per 

 cent or 275.8 gm. of fat. The residual, or after-milk obtained by the manipulation 

 method averaged 217.4 gm. per day and contained 7.8 per cent or 17 gm. of fat. The 

 increase jdeld obtained by the Hegelund method was therefore 3.4 per cent of milk 

 and 6.2 per cent of fat. In no case was it impossible to obtain additional milk by the 

 Hegelund method. 



Similar tests with 6 cows were made in two localities in Algau. The average 

 additional yield by the Hegelund method was 272.1 gm. of milk and 20.9 gm. of fat, 

 or 2.5 and 5.3 per cent, respectively. 



In each of 3 other experiments 3 cows were milked in the ordinary manner for 

 several days, then by the Hegelund method for a similar period, and finally hy the 

 ordinary method during a third period. Weather conditions interfered somewhat 

 with one of the tests, nevertheless the results as a whole were considered as favor- 

 able to the Hegelund method. 



The additional time required by the Hegelund method following ordinary milking 

 averagi^d from 2 to 2i minutes. The inci-eased yield is thought to pay well for the 



