824 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



disinfi'ctioii after outbreaks of contafiious diseases. The author described some of 

 the dilliculties met with in persuading the more ignorant farmers of the necessity 

 and liarmlessness of known methods of vaccination. The prejudice of such farmers 

 against vaccination sometimes leads to the unnecessary distribution of the disease 

 through not complying with legal regulations regarding such matters. 



A contribution to the identity of swine erysipelas and urticaria, II. Schmidt 

 (Berlin. Tierarztl. ]Vr}mti<-ln\, J90J, No. :JJ,j)j>. 351, 35:3). — Notes an; given on a mnnber 

 of cases of these diseases which were diagnosed by the author. A history is given 

 of a case of swine erysipelas in a sow, which was treated with swine erysipelas 

 serum. Within 1 day after the last injection of serum 8 pigs were born of this 

 sow, all of which exhibited the bluish-violet rectangular spots characteristic of the 

 disease. It is believed that these cases are evidence of the i)ossible congenital origin 

 of swine erysipelas. 



The period at which the organism of swine erysipelas and fowl cholera 

 may be recognized in the internal organs of mice after hypodermic inoc- 

 ulation, T. TiEDE {Zt.^vhr. Tiermecl, 7 {1903), No. 1, pp. 41-67).— T\\er(i are 4 com- 

 mon methods by which this i^roblem is studied, viz: By treating the point of inocu- 

 lation with chemical disinfectants, with hot iron, by removing the tissue around the 

 point of inoculation, and by killing and examining infected animals after periods of 

 determined length. The author reviews in a critical manner the work which has 

 been done by previous investigators on this subject in a study of anthrax, malignant 

 edema, glanders, sheep pox, etc. From a study of this literature it appears that no 

 general rules can be laid down regarding the time required for the penetration of 

 bacteria from the point of infection into the internal organs. This period varies 

 according to the virulence of the micro-organisms, the susceptibility of the experi- 

 mental animals, and especially the method of inoculation. The author's experiments 

 were confined to a study of the bacilli of swine erysipelas and fowl cholera, and the 

 method followed consisted in inoculating the mice in the ear with virulent cultures 

 and killing the experimental animals after definite jaeriods have elapsed. The various 

 internal organs were then carefull}^ examined for the presence of bacteria. It was 

 found during these experiments that the bacillus of swine erysipelas could be dem- 

 onstrated in mice inoculated hypodermically as follows: In the spleen and liver after 

 15 hours; in the liver and lungs, and to some extent in the spleen, after 24 hours; and 

 in large quantities in all organs after 48 hours. The organism of fowl cholera was 

 found sparingly in the spleen, liver, lungs, and heart after 15 minutes; in consider- 

 able numbers in all organs after 45 minutes, and generally distributed in all organs 

 after 4 hours. The quantity of bacilli increased constantly from this jieriod until 

 death took place. 



Vaccination for swine erysipelas in 1902, Teetz {Berlin. Tierdrztl. Wchnschr., 

 1903, No. 19, pp). 304-306). — In the author's exj)eriments hogs were vaccinated with 

 serum and immediately afterwards with an attenuated culture of the bacillus of swine 

 erysipelas. In a number of cases in which the serum and culture were given simul- 

 taneously unsatisfactory results were obtained. A striking curative property was 

 ol)served when dogs were inoculated with serum and cultures in rapid succession. 

 In the locality where these experiments were made it was stated that Septicidin had 

 given unsatisfactory results. 



From the author's experience with swine erysipelas it is concluded that the disease 

 appears in 3 forms: Simple erysipelas of the skin, urticaria, and a mixture of these 2 

 forms. The author believes that vaccination is unnecessary in the case of urticaria, 

 since animals usually recover from this disease without treatment. In internal ery- 

 sipelas no hope can be entertained of successful treatment, provided the skin already 

 exhibits a pronounced red color. Vaccination with doses 4 or 5 times the ordinary 

 size proved ineffective in such cases. 



