888 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



41 J, }>p.24S,244). — Tin* need of iiiii)r<>vement in murketiiijiiuul handling food isdis- 

 eui^tied, tlie fact l)ein<^ reeognizeil that it may reatlily hecuine contaminated l)y dirt 

 and micro-organi.sins, inchiding disease germs, wlini marketed under the coinhtions 

 which often jirevaii. 



Concerning human pancreatic juice, K. Glaessnek {/Jxclir. PJiyslol. C'hein., 40 

 { 1:104 ), No. ,')-tj, pp. 411.5-479, (hjms. 4)- — A surgical operation whit-h necessitated the 

 insertion of a drainage tnhe into the pancreatic duct of a patient afforded the autlior 

 the opportunity of collecting and studying pancreatic juice. According to his obser- 

 vations, tile amount secreted varied from 500 to 800 cc. per day. It did not contain 

 trypsin, hut a precursor of this, which was rendered active by the intestinal juice. 



The a<'ti(>n of the fat-splitting and diastatic ferments was increased l)y gall and 

 intestinal juice, but especially by the latter. The cleavage of starch stopped with 

 maltose. Disaccharids (milk sugar and cane sugar) were not acted upon by pancre- 

 atic juice, but were si)lit up into simpler bodies by intestinal juice. The amount of 

 digestive juice and of ferment and the alkalinity were least when the subject was 

 fasting. These factors increased rapidly after food was taken, reached their maxi- 

 mum in about 4 hours, and diminished until the eighth hour of the digestive process. 



A study of the variations in the course of the nitrogen, sulphate, and phos- 

 phate excretion, as observed in short periods follovring a small increase in 

 the proteid ingested, 1'. ]'>. Hawk and J. S. Chamberlain {Atncr. Jour. F]ii/.siol., 

 10 {1904), ^o. 6, pp. 269-^89, figs. 5). — Continuing work recently reported (E. S. R., 

 15, p. 494), the authors were the subjects of experiments to determine the effect of 

 adding a small amount of protein to a uniform basal ration, as show'n by the excre- 

 tion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur. 



It was found that the rate of excretion of nitrogen, measured by 3-hour periods, 

 showed 2 maxima daily. When measured by shorter ])eriods, '.i maxima were 

 observed. 



"The rate of excretion of sulphates followed in general a parallel course to that of 

 nitrogen, the main difference being that the minimum rate of excretion was reached 

 after the morning meal, and tlie maximum late in the afternoon. Frequentlj^ 3 

 maxima were observed on normal days with 3-hour periods. The phosphates 

 differed decidedly in their rate of excretion from either the nitrogen or the sul- 

 phates. Two very distinct rises were shown each day, and in one instance ... an 

 indication of a third rise was seen. . . . 



"After the ingestion of a small extra amount of proteid food at the morning meal, 

 the rate of excretion of nitrogen reached its maximum within three to four and one- 

 half hours, after which it fell to its normal rate; in one case slowly, after 4 daj's, and 

 in the other rapidly, after 2 days. It would seem that the time required to reach 

 the maximum excretion of nitrogen, after increasing the j^roteid of a diet, was more 

 or less directly proportional to the amount of proteid ingested, the length of time 

 being greatest when the quantity W'as large. 



"With each subject the maximum rate of sulphate excretion differed from that (jf 

 nitrogen only in reaching its highest point about 6 hours later. In one subject the 

 ratio of nitrogen to sulphates was lowest on the day of increased proteid ingestion; 

 in the other, on the day after the ingestion. The maximum rate of phosphate 

 excretion due to the increased proteid ingestion fell in a period between those in 

 which the maxima of nitrogen and sulphate occurred. . . . 



"Tlie ratio between the heat of combustion of the urine and its nitrogen content 

 was lower on the day of increased proteid ingestion than on normal days." 



The eflPect of certain common essences on the cerebral circulation, 

 A. D'Okmea {Arch. Ital. Biol, 40 {1903), No. 1, jyp. I4I-I6O; ahs. in BrHlxli Med. 

 Jour., 1904, No. 2251, Epit., p. 31). — It was found in experiments with a dog that the 

 essences of aniseed, lemon, mint, cinnamon, and camphor bad a very decided effect 

 on the cerebral circulation. These observed fa(!ts are of interest since some of the 

 materials experimented with are commonly used for flavoring foods, etc. 



