ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 895 



fed gluten feed. "There is a prejudice in favor of linseed cake for feeding young 

 cattle, but both rough and decorticated cotton cakes have given considerably better 

 financial results than linseed cake." 



As regards the relative value of the different breeds tlie results, according to the 

 author, "are distinctly in favor of the 4 Shorthorn bullocks, which increased on the 

 average 82 ll)s. in weight more than the blue-grey bullocks during the time of the 

 experiment." 



Cattle-feeding experiment, T. H. Miudletox {Cambridge [England] Univ., Dept. 

 Agr , Rpt. Ej-pta. Crops and Stuck 1903, pp. SO-87). — Using 2 lots of 4 heifers each, 

 5 to 6 lbs. per head per day of gluten feed was compared with a like amount of a 

 mixture of bruised wheat and decorticated cotton-seed cake 2:1, the concentrated 

 feeil being supplemented in each case by mangel-wurzels with hay or hay and straw 

 chaff. 



The feeding perioil varied somewhat with the different animals, being on an aver- 

 age 111.5 days. On gluten feed the total gain was 260.75 lbs. and on wheat and 

 cotton-seed cake 246.75 lbs., the cost of feed per head per day in the 2 cases being 15 

 cts. and 16 cts. The carcass yield of the lot receiving gluten feed was the greater, 

 but the flesh was thought to be inferior in cpiality. Considering the test as a whole 

 the 2 rations are regarded as of nearly equal value. 



The value of roots in cattle feeding-, T. H. Middleton ( County Council North- 

 umberland, Edacation Com., Itpt. 1903, pp. 42-55). — In an experiment carried on in 

 1900-1, a lot of cattle was fed 56 lbs.- of roots, chiefly swedes, per head jrier day in 

 addition to other feed, and a second lot was fed 28 lbs. of the same sort of roots per 

 head per day with 2.75 lbs. clover hay, 0.5 lb. maize meal, and 0.5 11). of molasses 

 in place of the remaining amount of roots. Satisfactory gains were made by both 

 lots, but the ration containing the full amount of roots was considerably cheaper. 



In 1901-2 a test was carried on under practically the same conditions. Two lota 

 of 8 young cattle which had gained respectively 1.68 lbs. and 1.73 lbs. per head per 

 day since birth, were fed for 7 months the same basal ration made up of grain, hay, 

 and a little molasses. In addition lot 1 was fed 28 lbs. of Swedish turnips per head 

 per day, while lot 2 was given 0.5 lb. of maize meal, 0.25 11). molasses, and 2.75 lbs. 

 clover hay in place of the roots. The average daily gain per head on the ration con- 

 taining Swedish turnips was 1.98 lbs. as compared with'1.83 lbs. on the ration with- 

 out roots. The animals fed no roots were worth less money at the close of the feeding 

 test and the profit per lot was $3.35 per head less than in the case of the steers fed 

 roots. 



The author concludes that well-bred yearling cattle may be fattened without roots 

 as under the experimental conditions, but that such a ration is not to be recom- 

 mended. "At least 28 lbs. of swedes should l^e fed daily, and 42 lbs. to 56 lbs. may 

 be given with profit." 



Feeding beet pulp to steers and sheep, R. W. Clark ( Utah Hta. Bid. 82, pp. 

 3). — Tests made with sheep and steers to ascertain the value of beet pulp are briefly 

 reported. According to the author, both the steers and sheep fed alfalfa and beet 

 pulp only made the smallest gains per day and required the largest amount of dry 

 matter per pound of gain, though they gave the largest profits. The steers made a 

 pound of gain from 11.5 lbs. of alfalfa hay and 31.4 lbs. of beet pulp at a cost of 

 2.8 cts. In the case of sheep the cost of a pound of gain was 3.8 cts., and 16.6 lbs. of 

 alfalfa and 36.7 lbs. of beet pulp were required. 



When beet pulp was fed ad libitum with alfalfa to steers it had a value of $1.85, 

 and when similarly fed to sheej) it had a value of $1.13 per ton. On a full ration of 

 alfalfa and grain (bran and shorts 1:1) steers made a pound of gain at a cost of 4.93 

 cts. With another lot fed alfalfa, grain, and beet pulp a pound of gain c(jst 3.98 cts. 

 When a full ration of alfalfa and pulp was fed with a half ration of grain a pound of 

 gain was made from 9.2 lbs. of alfalfa, 2.03 lbs. of grain, and 19.1 lbs. of pulp, the 



